On spherical designs of some harmonic indices

MaRDI QIDQ528991zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Eiichi Bannai, Etsuko Bannai, Kyoung-Tark Kim, Wei-Hsuan Yu, Yan Zhu

Publication date 18 May 2017

Published in The Electronic Journal of Combinatorics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.05373, http://www.combinatorics.org/ojs/index.php/eljc/article/view/v24i2p14

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zbMATH Keywords

Delsarte's methodelliptic Diophantine equationFisher type lower boundGegenbauer polynomialLarman-Rogers-Seidel's theoremsemidefinite programmingspherical designs of harmonic indextight design

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other designs, configurations (05B30)

Abstract: A finite subset $Y$ on the unit sphere $S^{n-1}subseteqmathbb{R}^n$ is called a spherical design of harmonic index $t$, if the following condition is satisfied: $su{m}_{mathbfxinY}f(mathbfx)=0$ for all real homogeneous harmonic polynomials $f(x_1,ldots,x_n)$ of degree $t$. Also, for a subset $T$ of $mathbbN=1,2,cdots$, a finite subset $Ysubset{S}^{n-1}$ is called a spherical design of harmonic index $T,$ if $su{m}_{mathbfxinY}f(mathbfx)=0$ is satisfied for all real homogeneous harmonic polynomials $f(x_1,ldots,x_n)$ of degree $k$ with $kinT$. In the present paper we first study Fisher type lower bounds for the sizes of spherical designs of harmonic index $t$ (or for harmonic index $T$). We also study 'tight' spherical designs of harmonic index $t$ or index $T$. Here 'tight' means that the size of $Y$ attains the lower bound for this Fisher type inequality. The classification problem of tight spherical designs of harmonic index $t$ was started by Bannai-Okuda-Tagami (2015), and the case $t=4$ was completed by Okuda-Yu (2015+). In this paper we show the classification (non-existence) of tight spherical designs of harmonic index 6 and 8, as well as the asymptotic non-existence of tight spherical designs of harmonic index $2e$ for general $egeq3$. We also study the existence problem for tight spherical designs of harmonic index $T$ for some $T$, in particular, including index $T=8,4$. We use (i) the linear programming method by Delsarte, (ii) the detailed information on the locations of the zeros as well as the local minimum values of Gegenbauer polynomials, (iii) the generalization by Hiroshi Nozaki of the Larman-Rogers-Seidel theorem on $2$-distance sets to $s$-distance sets, (iv) the theory of elliptic diophantine equations, and (v) the semidefinite programming method of eliminating some $2$-angular line systems for small dimensions.

Review text

Summary: A finite subset \(Y\) on the unit sphere \(S^{n-1} \subseteq \mathbb{R}^n\) is called a spherical design of harmonic index \(t\), if the following condition is satisfied: \(\sum_{x\in Y}f(x)=0\) for all real homogeneous harmonic polynomials \(f(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\) of degree \(t\).~Also, for a subset \(T\) of \(\mathbb{N} = \{1,2,\cdots \}\), a finite subset \(Y \subseteq S^{n-1}\) is called a spherical design of harmonic index \(T,\) if \(\sum_{x\in Y}f(x)=0\) is satisfied for all real homogeneous harmonic polynomials \(f(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\) of degree \(k\) with \(k\in T\).{ }In the present paper we first study Fisher type lower bounds for the sizes of spherical designs of harmonic index \(t\) (or for harmonic index \(T\)). We also study `tight' spherical designs of harmonic index \(t\) or index \(T\). Here `tight' means that the size of \(Y\) attains the lower bound for this Fisher type inequality. The classification problem of tight spherical designs of harmonic index \(t\) was started by \textit{E. Bannai} et al. [J. Approx. Theory 195, 1--18 (2015; Zbl 1312.05030)], and the case \(t = 4\) was completed by \textit{T. Okuda} and \textit{W.-H. Yu} [Eur. J. Comb. 53, 96--103 (2016; Zbl 1328.05034)]. In this paper we show the classification (non-existence) of tight spherical designs of harmonic index 6 and 8, as well as the asymptotic non-existence of tight spherical designs of harmonic index \(2e\) for general \(e\geq 3\). We also study the existence problem for tight spherical designs of harmonic index \(T\) for some \(T\), in particular, including index \(T = \{8,4\}\).

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Cites work

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Cited in

(14)

• Upper bounds for \(s\)-distance sets and equiangular lines
• Half of an antipodal spherical design
• On the spectrum of Markov operators of spherical designs
• Classification of spherical 2-distance \(\{4,2,1\}\)-designs by solving Diophantine equations
• Equiangular lines and the Lemmens-Seidel conjecture
• Spherical designs of harmonic index t
• Majorization and minimal energy on spheres
• New bounds for equiangular lines and spherical two-distance sets
• Harmonic index \(t\)-designs in the Hamming scheme for arbitrary \(q\)
• Spherical designs and modular forms of the \(D_4\) lattice
• Complex spherical designs from group orbits
• Antipodality of spherical designs with odd harmonic indices
• Spherical designs for finite quaternionic unit groups and their applications to modular forms
• A new relative bound for equiangular lines and nonexistence of tight spherical designs of harmonic index 4

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