Spherical designs and modular forms of the D₄ lattice

DOI10.1007/S40993-023-00479-1MaRDI QIDQ6072071zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Masatake Hirao, Hiroshi Nozaki, Koji Tasaka

Publication date 29 November 2023

Published in Research in Number Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.09000

zbMATH Keywords

\(D_4\) root lattice/systemnon-vanishing and congruences of Fourier coefficients of cusp forms of level 2spherical designs of harmonic indexweighted theta functions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Other designs, configurations (05B30) Fourier coefficients of automorphic forms (11F30) Congruences for modular and (p)-adic modular forms (11F33) Lattices and convex bodies (number-theoretic aspects) (11H06) Lattice points in specified regions (11P21)

Abstract: In this paper, we study shells of the $D_4$ lattice with a slightly general concept of spherical $t$-designs due to Delsarte-Goethals-Seidel, namely, the spherical design of harmonic index $T$ (spherical $T$-design for short) introduced by Delsarte-Seidel. We first observe that the $2m$-shell of $D_4$ is an antipodal spherical $10,4,2$-design on the three dimensional sphere. We then prove that the $2$-shell, which is the $D_4$ root system, is tight $10,4,2$-design, using the linear programming method. The uniqueness of the $D_4$ root system as an antipodal spherical $10,4,2$-design with 24 points is shown. We give two applications of the uniqueness: a decomposition of the shells of the $D_4$ lattice in terms of orthogonal transformations of the $D_4$ root system: and the uniqueness of the $D_4$ lattice as an even integral lattice of level 2 in the four dimensional Euclidean space. We also reveal a connection between the harmonic strength of the shells of the $D_4$ lattice and non-vanishing of the Fourier coefficient of a certain newforms of level 2. Motivated by this, congruence relations for the Fourier coefficients are discussed.

Review text

For \(m>0\), the \(m\)-shell of a lattice is the set of lattice points on the sphere with radius \(\sqrt{m}\). The \(D_4\) lattice is a root lattice in \(4\)-dimensional Euclidean space generated by the permutations of \((\pm 1, \pm 1,0,0)\) over \(\mathbb{Z}.\) The authors study the spherical design of harmonic index \(T\) and prove the following results: the \(2m\)-shell of \(D_4\) is an antipodal spherical \(\{10,4,2\}\) design on the three dimensional sphere; the \(2\)-shell is a tight \(\{10,4,2\}\) design; the \(D_4\) root system is unique as an antipodal spherical \(\{10,4,2\}\) design with \(24\) points; and there is a connection between the harmonic strength of the shells of the \(D_4\) lattice and the non-vanishing of the Fourier coefficient of a certain newform of level 2.

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Cited in

(7)

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• Antipodality of spherical designs with odd harmonic indices
• Ellipsoidal designs and the Prouhet-Tarry-Escott problem
• Spherical designs for finite quaternionic unit groups and their applications to modular forms

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