Sums of Kloosterman sums in arithmetic progressions, and the error term in the dispersion method

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Abstract: We prove a bound for quintilinear sums of Kloosterman sums, with congruence conditions on the "smooth" summation variables. This generalizes classical work of Deshouillers and Iwaniec, and is key to obtaining power-saving error terms in applications, notably the dispersion method. As a consequence, assuming the Riemann hypothesis for Dirichlet L-functions, we prove a power-saving error term in the Titchmarsh divisor problem of estimating sumpleqxau(p−1). Unconditionally, we isolate the possible contribution of Siegel zeroes, showing it is always negative. Extending work of Fouvry and Tenenbaum, we obtain power-saving in the asymptotic formula for sumnleqxauk(n)au(n+1), reproving a result announced by Bykovskiu{i} and Vinogradov by a different method. The gain in the exponent is shown to be independent of k if a generalized Lindel"of hypothesis is assumed.





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