Extreme vortex states and the growth of enstrophy in three-dimensional incompressible flows

DOI10.1017/JFM.2017.136zbMATH Open1383.76100arXiv1605.05742OpenAlexW3103025938MaRDI QIDQ5364675FDOQ5364675

Authors: Diego Ayala, Bartosz Protas 

Publication date: 28 September 2017

Published in: Journal of Fluid Mechanics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: In this investigation we study extreme vortex states defined as incompressible velocity fields with prescribed enstrophy $mathcal{E}_0$ which maximize the instantaneous rate of growth of enstrophy $dmathcalE/dt$. We provide {an analytic} characterization of these extreme vortex states in the limit of vanishing enstrophy $mathcal{E}_0$ and, in particular, show that the Taylor-Green vortex is in fact a local maximizer of $dmathcalE/dt$ {in this limit}. For finite values of enstrophy, the extreme vortex states are computed numerically by solving a constrained variational optimization problem using a suitable gradient method. In combination with a continuation approach, this allows us to construct an entire family of maximizing vortex states parameterized by their enstrophy. We also confirm the findings of the seminal study by Lu & Doering (2008) that these extreme vortex states saturate (up to a numerical prefactor) the fundamental bound $dmathcalE/dt<C,mathcal{E}^3$, for some constant $C>0$. The time evolution corresponding to these extreme vortex states leads to a larger growth of enstrophy than the growth achieved by any of the commonly used initial conditions with the same enstrophy $mathcal{E}_0$. However, based on several different diagnostics, there is no evidence of any tendency towards singularity formation in finite time. Finally, we discuss possible physical reasons why the initially large growth of enstrophy is not sustained for longer times.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.05742

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zbMATH Keywords

Navier-Stokes equationsvariational methodsvortex interactions

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible viscous fluids (76D05) Viscous vortex flows (76D17)

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Uses Software

• FFTW

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