Dimensions, lengths, and separability in finite-dimensional quantum systems
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Abstract: Many important sets of normalized states in a multipartite quantum system of finite dimension d, such as the set S of all separable states, are real semialgebraic sets. We compute dimensions of many such sets in several low-dimensional systems. By using dimension arguments, we show that there exist separable states which are not convex combinations of d or less pure product states. For instance, such states exist in bipartite M x N systems when (M-1)(N-1)>1. This solves an open problem proposed in [J. Mod. Opt. 47 (2000), 377-385]. We prove that there exist a separable state rho and a pure product state, whose mixture has smaller length than that of rho. We show that any real rho in S, which is invariant under all partial transpose operations, is a convex sum of real pure product states. In the case of the 2 x N system, the number r of product states can be taken to be r=rank(rho). We also show that the general multipartite separability problem can be reduced to the case of real states. Regarding the separability problem, we propose two conjectures describing S as a semialgebraic set, which may eventually lead to an analytic solution in some low-dimensional systems such as 2 x 4, 3 x 3 and 2 x 2 x 2.
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Cites work
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Cited in
(19)- The property lattice of spatially separated quantum systems
- The set of separable states has no finite semidefinite representation except in dimension \(3\times 2\)
- Decomposition of completely symmetric states
- Bounding the separable rank via polynomial optimization
- The convex sum of product states for a separable state
- Separable states with unique decompositions
- Quantization dimension for condensation systems
- Distribution of quantum states in enclosures of finite size. I
- Optimal ensemble length of mixed separable states
- Exposedness of Choi-type entanglement witnesses and applications to lengths of separable states
- Global geometric difference between separable and positive partial transpose states
- Entanglement breaking rank and the existence of SIC POVMs
- The role of phases in detecting three-qubit entanglement
- Separability criterion for three-qubit states with a four dimensional norm
- C∗-extreme points of entanglement breaking maps
- Degradable strong entanglement breaking maps
- Three-qubit separable states of length ten with unique decompositions
- Dimension formula for induced maximal faces of separable states and genuine entanglement
- On the geometric probability of entangled mixed states
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