scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3092634
Introductory exposition (textbooks, tutorial papers, etc.) pertaining to number theory (11-01) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to number theory (11-02) Elementary number theory (11Axx) Geometry of numbers (11Hxx) Diophantine approximation, transcendental number theory (11Jxx) Zeta and (L)-functions: analytic theory (11Mxx) Multiplicative number theory (11Nxx) Additive number theory; partitions (11Pxx) Algebraic number theory: global fields (11Rxx)
Die dritte Auflage dieses bereits zum Standardwerk gewordenen Buches -- von dem eine deutsche Übersetzung in Vorbereitung ist (München: R. Oldenbourg Verlag 1958; Zbl 0078.03101) -- unterscheidet sich von den beiden vorangehenden Auflagen [(1938; Zbl 0020.29201; JFM 64.0093.03); 2nd ed. (1945)] vor allem darin, daß der inzwischen entdeckte elementare Beweis des Primzahlsatzes aufgenommen wurde, während die ersten beiden Auflagen keinen Beweis dieses Satzes brachten. Der vorgetragene Beweis beruht auf der Formel von \textit{A. SeIberg} und benutzt dessen Darstellung [Ann. Math. (2) 50, 305--313 (1949; Zbl 0036.30604)], kürzt sie aber durch Verwendung von Integralen ab (vgl. \textit{E. M. Wright}, Proc. R. Soc. Edinb., Sect. A 63, 257--267 (1952; Zbl 0049.16402)]). Im übrigen sind nur an wenigen Stellen Änderungen oder Ergänzungen vorgenommen worden, z. B. Irrationalität von \(\pi\) und \(\pi^2\), Umkehrung des kleinen Fermatschen Satzes, Kriterien für Primzahleigenschaft, Einführung algebraischer Zahlen, neuere Ergebnisse in der Geometrie der Zahlen. Ebenso sind die für das Buch so charakteristischen und wertvollen Anmerkungen zu den einzelnen Kapiteln auf den neuesten Stand gebracht worden. Die dritte Auflage mußte nach dem Tode Hardys vom zweiten der Verff. allein besorgt werden. Man darf ihm dafür danken, daß er Stil und Eigenart des Buches so lebendig erhalten hat. \bigskip Inhalt (vom Referat zur 1. Aufl. übernommen): 1. Primzahlen (1. Teil). 2. Primzahlen (2. Teil). 3. Fareyreihen und ein Satz von Minkowski (über Punktgitter). 4. Irrationalzahlen. 5. Kongruenzen und Reste (Grundbegriffe). 6. Fermatscher Satz und Folgerungen. 7. Allgemeine Eigenschaften der Kongruenzen. 8. Kongruenzen nach zusammengesetzten Moduln. 9. Darstellung von Zahlen in Ziffernsystemen. 10. Kettenbrüche. 11. Approximation von irrationalen Zahlen durch rationale. 12. Der Fundamentalsatz der Zahlentheorie in den Körpern \(k(l)\), \(k(i)\) und \(k(\rho)\). 13. Einige diophantische Gleichungen. 14. Quadratische Zahlkörper (1. Teil). 15. Quadratische Zahlkörper (2. Teil). 16. Die zahlentheoretischen Funktionen \(\varphi(n)\), \(\mu(n)\), \(d(n)\), \(\sigma(n)\), \(r(n)\). 17. Erzeugende Funktionen für zahlentheoretische Funktionen. 18. Die Größenordnung von zahlentheoretischen Funktionen. 19. Partitionen. 20. Darstellung von Zahlen durch zwei oder vier Quadrate. 21. Darstellung durch Kuben und höhere Potenzen. 22. Primzahlen (3. Teil). 23. Kroneckers Approximationssatz. 24. Einige weitere Sätze von Minkowski (über Linearformen).
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