The embedding capacity of 4-dimensional symplectic ellipsoids

DOI10.4007/ANNALS.2012.175.3.5zbMATH Open1254.53111arXiv0912.0532OpenAlexW2963410438WikidataQ104523726 ScholiaQ104523726MaRDI QIDQ431640FDOQ431640

Authors: Dusa McDuff, Felix Schlenk 

Publication date: 29 June 2012

Published in: Annals of Mathematics. Second Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: This paper calculates the function $c(a)$ whose value at $a$ is the infimum of the size of a ball that contains a symplectic image of the ellipsoid $E(1,a)$. (Here $age1$ is the ratio of the area of the large axis to that of the smaller axis.) The structure of the graph of $c(a)$ is surprisingly rich. The volume constraint implies that $c(a)$ is always greater than or equal to the square root of $a$, and it is not hard to see that this is equality for large $a$. However, for $a$ less than the fourth power $a{u}^4$ of the golden ratio, $c(a)$ is piecewise linear, with graph that alternately lies on a line through the origin and is horizontal. We prove this by showing that there are exceptional curves in blow ups of the complex projective plane whose homology classes are given by the continued fraction expansions of ratios of Fibonacci numbers. On the interval $[a{u}^4,7]$ we find $c(a)=(a+1)/3$. For $age7$, the function $c(a)$ coincides with the square root except on a finite number of intervals where it is again piecewise linear. The embedding constraints coming from embedded contact homology give rise to another capacity function $c_{ECH}$ which may be computed by counting lattice points in appropriate right angled triangles. According to Hutchings and Taubes, the functorial properties of embedded contact homology imply that $c_{ECH}(a)lec(a)$ for all $a$. We show here that $c_{ECH}(a)gec(a)$ for all $a$.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/0912.0532

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zbMATH Keywords

Fibonacci numberssymplecting embeddings

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Packing and covering in (n) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C17) Global theory of symplectic and contact manifolds (53D35) Fibonacci and Lucas numbers and polynomials and generalizations (11B39)

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Cited In (50)

• The Stark problem as a concave toric domain
• Symplectic \((-2)\)-spheres and the symplectomorphism group of small rational 4-manifolds. II
• Spherical Lagrangians via ball packings and symplectic cutting
• Higher symplectic capacities and the stabilized embedding problem for integral ellipsoids
• Lecture notes on embedded contact homology
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• Sub-leading asymptotics of ECH capacities
• Essential tori in spaces of symplectic embeddings
• Full ellipsoid embeddings and toric mutations
• Symplectic embeddings of \(4\)-dim ellipsoids into cubes
• Staircase patterns in Hirzebruch surfaces
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• Ellipsoid embeddings and symplectic packing stability
• On sums of fractional parts
• HOW LARGE IS THE SHADOW OF A SYMPLECTIC BALL?
• Lagrangian spheres, symplectic surfaces and the symplectic mapping class group
• Packing densities of Delzant and semitoric polygons
• The lens space realization problem
• Infinite staircases for Hirzebruch surfaces
• Staircase symmetries in Hirzebruch surfaces
• ECH capacities and the Ruelle invariant
• Some optimal embeddings of symplectic ellipsoids
• Correction to: ``New obstructions to symplectic embeddings
• Ehrhart functions and symplectic embeddings of ellipsoids
• Newton–Okounkov bodies and symplectic embeddings into nontoric rational surfaces
• Algebraic capacities
• Sharp symplectic embeddings of cylinders
• Symplectic embeddings of four-dimensional ellipsoids into polydiscs
• Special eccentricities of rational four-dimensional ellipsoids
• Symplectic embedding problems, old and new
• Symplectic embeddings and continued fractions: A survey
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