Area laws and efficient descriptions of quantum many-body states
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Abstract: It is commonly believed that area laws for entanglement entropies imply that a quantum many-body state can be faithfully represented by efficient tensor network states - a conjecture frequently stated in the context of numerical simulations and analytical considerations. In this work, we show that this is in general not the case, except in one dimension. We prove that the set of quantum many-body states that satisfy an area law for all Renyi entropies contains a subspace of exponential dimension. Establishing a novel link between quantum many-body theory and the theory of communication complexity, we then show that there are states satisfying area laws for all Renyi entropies but cannot be approximated by states with a classical description of small Kolmogorov complexity, including polynomial projected entangled pair states (PEPS) or states of multi-scale entanglement renormalisation (MERA). Not even a quantum computer with post-selection can efficiently prepare all quantum states fulfilling an area law, and we show that not all area law states can be eigenstates of local Hamiltonians. We also prove translationally invariant and isotropic instances of these results, and show a variation with decaying correlations using quantum error-correcting codes.
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Cites work
- An area law for one-dimensional quantum systems
- An introduction to Kolmogorov complexity and its applications
- Colloquium: area laws for the entanglement entropy
- Entropy scaling and simulability by matrix product states
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1256775 (Why is no real title available?)
- Quantum computing, postselection, and probabilistic polynomial-time
- QUANTUM KOLMOGOROV COMPLEXITY AND ITS APPLICATIONS
- Spectral gap and exponential decay of correlations
- The density-matrix renormalization group in the age of matrix product states
Cited in
(14)- Two-dimensional local Hamiltonian problem with area laws is \textsf{QMA}-complete
- Mathematical open problems in projected entangled pair states
- Rigorous RG algorithms and area laws for low energy eigenstates in 1D
- Exponential decay of correlations implies area law
- Equilibration in low-dimensional quantum matrix models
- Quantum state description complexity (invited talk)
- Colloquium: area laws for the entanglement entropy
- Area laws in a many-body localized state and its implications for topological order
- Rigorous RG algorithms and area laws for low energy eigenstates in 1D
- Supercritical entanglement in local systems: counterexample to the area law for quantum matter
- Ground states of unfrustrated spin Hamiltonians satisfy an area law
- An area law for one-dimensional quantum systems
- Almost surely convergence of the quantum entropy of random graph states and the area law
- Solving the k-sparse eigenvalue problem with reinforcement learning
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