Supercritical entanglement in local systems: counterexample to the area law for quantum matter

DOI10.1073/PNAS.1605716113MaRDI QIDQ4646229zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Ramis Movassagh, Peter W. Shor

Publication date 11 January 2019

Published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1408.1657

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum coherence, entanglement, quantum correlations (81P40) Critical phenomena in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B27)

Abstract: The sub-volume scaling of the entanglement entropy with the system's size, $n$, has been a subject of vigorous study in the last decade [1]. The area law provably holds for gapped one dimensional systems [2] and it was believed to be violated by at most a factor of $logleft(night)$ in physically reasonable models such as critical systems. In this paper, we generalize the spin$-1$ model of Bravyi et al [3] to all integer spin-$s$ chains, whereby we introduce a class of exactly solvable models that are physical and exhibit signatures of criticality, yet violate the area law by a power law. The proposed Hamiltonian is local and translationally invariant in the bulk. We prove that it is frustration free and has a unique ground state. Moreover, we prove that the energy gap scales as $n^{-c}$, where using the theory of Brownian excursions, we prove $cge2$. This rules out the possibility of these models being described by a conformal field theory. We analytically show that the Schmidt rank grows exponentially with $n$ and that the half-chain entanglement entropy to the leading order scales as $sqrtn$ (Eq. 16). Geometrically, the ground state is seen as a uniform superposition of all $s-$colored Motzkin walks. Lastly, we introduce an external field which allows us to remove the boundary terms yet retain the desired properties of the model. Our techniques for obtaining the asymptotic form of the entanglement entropy, the gap upper bound and the self-contained expositions of the combinatorial techniques, more akin to lattice paths, may be of independent interest.

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Cited in

(33)

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• Criticality, the Area Law, and the Computational Power of Projected Entangled Pair States
• The gap of the area-weighted Motzkin spin chain is exponentially small
• Area law violations and quantum phase transitions in modified Motzkin walk spin chains
• Boundary description of microstates of the two-dimensional black hole
• On the composition of an arbitrary collection of \(\mathrm{SU}(2)\) spins: an enumerative combinatoric approach
• Classifying data using near-term quantum devices
• The frustration-free fully packed loop model
• On the entanglement entropy of Maxwell theory: a condensed matter perspective
• Entropy, gap and a multi-parameter deformation of the fredkin spin chain
• Deformed fredkin spin chain with extensive entanglement
• Coupled Fredkin and Motzkin chains from quantum six- and nineteen-vertex models
• Shor–Movassagh chain leads to unusual integrable model
• Entangled spin chain
• A holographic derivation of the weak gravity conjecture
• Polynomial mixing time of edge flips on quadrangulations
• Entanglement subvolume law for 2D frustration-free spin systems
• Dynamics and correlations in Motzkin and fredkin spin chains
• Entanglement and correlation functions of the quantum Motzkin spin-chain
• Stability of the enhanced area law of the entanglement entropy
• Entanglement between random and clean quantum spin chains
• Sublogarithmic behaviour of the entanglement entropy in fermionic chains
• Temperature driven quenches in the Ising model: appearance of negative Rényi mutual information
• The complexity of translationally invariant spin chains with low local dimension
• Finite-size gap, magnetization, and entanglement of deformed Fredkin spin chain
• Exact solution of the quantum integrable model associated with the Motzkin spin chain
• Gapless quantum spin chains: multiple dynamics and conformal wavefunctions
• Perturbation gadgets: arbitrary energy scales from a single strong interaction
• Spectral gaps of frustration-free spin systems with boundary
• Quantum phase transitions and localization in semigroup fredkin spin chain
• Unusual area-law violation in random inhomogeneous systems
• Enumerative combinatorics of \textit{XX0} Heisenberg chain
• Entanglement entropy of the long-range Dyson hierarchical model

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