Area law violations and quantum phase transitions in modified Motzkin walk spin chains

Abstract: Area law violations for entanglement entropy in the form of a square root has recently been studied for one-dimensional frustration-free quantum systems based on the Motzkin walks and their variations. Here we consider a Motzkin walk with a different Hilbert space on each step of the walk spanned by elements of a {it Symmetric Inverse Semigroup} with the direction of each step governed by its algebraic structure. This change alters the number of paths allowed in the Motzkin walk and introduces a ground state degeneracy sensitive to boundary perturbations. We study the frustration-free spin chains based on three symmetric inverse semigroups,

c S_{1}^{3}

,

c S_{2}^{3}

and

c S_{1}^{2}

. The system based on

c S_{1}^{3}

and

c S_{2}^{3}

provide examples of quantum phase transitions in one dimensions with the former exhibiting a transition between the area law and a logarithmic violation of the area law and the latter providing an example of transition from logarithmic scaling to a square root scaling in the system size, mimicking a colored

c S_{1}^{3}

system. The system with

c S_{1}^{2}

is much simpler and produces states that continue to obey the area law.

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