Estimates of first and second order shape derivatives in nonsmooth multidimensional domains and applications

Sobolev spaces and other spaces of ``smooth functions, embedding theorems, trace theorems (46E35) Optimization of shapes other than minimal surfaces (49Q10)

Abstract: In this paper we investigate continuity properties of first and second order shape derivatives of functionals depending on second order elliptic PDE's around nonsmooth domains, essentially either Lipschitz or convex, or satisfying a uniform exterior ball condition. We prove rather sharp continuity results for these shape derivatives with respect to Sobolev norms of the boundary-traces of the displacements. With respect to previous results of this kind, the approach is quite different and is valid in any dimension

N g e q 2

. It is based on sharp regularity results for Poisson-type equations in such nonsmooth domains. We also enlarge the class of functionals and PDEs for which these estimates apply. Applications are given to qualitative properties of shape optimization problems under convexity constraints for the variable domains or their complement.

Review text

The following shape optimization problem is treated in this paper: consider a bounded domain \(\Omega\subset\mathbb{R}^N\) of Lipschitz, convex, or semi-convex (Lipschitz satisfying a uniform exterior ball condition) type, and an energy functional \(E(\Omega)\) of two possible types: NEWLINE\[NEWLINE E(\Omega)=\int_\Omega K(x,U_\Omega,\nabla U_\Omega)dx,\tag{i}NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(K\) is the functional NEWLINE\[NEWLINE K(x,U,q)={1\over 2}\left(\sum_{i,j=1}^N\alpha_{i,j}(x)q_iq_j+\alpha_{00}(x)U^2\right)+\sum_{i=1}^N\beta_i(x)q_i+\gamma(x)U+\delta(x)NEWLINE\]NEWLINE and \(U_\Omega\in H^1_0(\Omega)\) is a solution of NEWLINE\[NEWLINE LU:=-\sum_{i,j=1}^N\partial_j(a_{ij}(x)\partial_iU)+\sum_{i=1}^N b_i\partial_iU+cU=f,NEWLINE\]NEWLINE or NEWLINE\[NEWLINE E(\Omega)=\int_{\Omega^e}|\nabla U_\Omega|^2,\tag{ii} NEWLINE\]NEWLINE where \(U_\Omega\in H^{1,0}(\Omega^e)\) solves \(-\Delta U=f\) in \(\Omega^e:=\mathbb{R}^N\setminus\overline{\Omega}\).NEWLINENEWLINEThe main results in the paper, Theorems 2.3 and 2.5, provide estimates of the shape derivatives \(E'(\Omega_0)(\xi)\), \(E(\Omega_0)(\xi,\xi)\) in terms of the norms \(||\xi||_{W^{1-1/r,r}}(\partial\Omega_0)\) and \(||\xi||_{W^{1-1/(2r),2r}}(\partial\Omega_0)\), respectively, under suitable regularity assumptions on the coefficients of the PDEs. Here \(\xi\in\Theta:=W_{0}^{1,\infty}(B_R,\mathbb{R}^N)\), where \(B_R\) is a ball of large enough radius in \(\mathbb{R}^N\). Theorem 2.3 covers the interior case (i), and Theorem 2.5 the exterior case (ii).NEWLINENEWLINEBoth results generalize previous ones, including those in the planar case by \textit{J. Lamboley} et al. [Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 205, No. 1, 311-343 (2012; Zbl 1268.49051)], in several ways: the authors are able to provide estimates in higher dimensions, for more general interior and exterior PDEs, and for more types of domains.NEWLINENEWLINETo study the derivatives of the shapes, the authors first prove estimates of the ``material derivative \(\hat{U}'_\theta\), where \(\hat{U}_\theta=U_\theta\circ(I+\theta)\) and \(U_\theta\) is the state solution of the related PDE.NEWLINENEWLINETheorems~2.3 and 2.5 are proved in Section~3. In Section~4, the authors give applications of their results to planar and higher dimensional domains.

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