The dud canard: existence of strong canard cycles in R^3

DOI10.1016/J.JDE.2023.09.008MaRDI QIDQ6048596zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors K. Uldall Kristiansen

Publication date 11 October 2023

Published in Journal of Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.00875

zbMATH Keywords

Canardfolded saddle-nodesingular bifurcation

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Invariant manifolds for ordinary differential equations (34C45) Singular perturbations for ordinary differential equations (34E15) Canard solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E17)

Abstract: In this paper, we provide a rigorous description of the birth of canard limit cycles in slow-fast systems in $mathbb{R}^3$ through the folded saddle-node of type II and the singular Hopf bifurcation. In particular, we prove -- in the analytic case only -- that for all $0<epsilonll1$ there is a family of periodic orbits, born in the (singular) Hopf bifurcation and extending to $mathcalO(1)$ cycles that follow the strong canard of the folded saddle-node. Our results can be seen as an extension of the canard explosion in $mathbb{R}^2$, but in contrast to the planar case, the family of periodic orbits in $mathbb{R}^3$ is not explosive. For this reason, we have chosen to call the phenomena in $mathbb{R}^3$, the "dud canard". The main difficulty of the proof lies in connecting the Hopf cycles with the canard cycles, since these are described in different scalings. As in $mathbb{R}^2$ we use blowup to overcome this, but we also have to compensate for the lack of uniformity near the Hopf, due to its singular nature; it is a zero-Hopf in the limit $epsilon=0$. In the present paper, we do so by imposing analyticity of the vector-field. This allows us to prove existence of an invariant slow manifold, that is not normally hyperbolic.

Review text

The article provides a rigorous description of the birth of canard limit cycles in slow-fast systems in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) through the folded saddle-node of type II and the singular Hopf bifurcation. It proves rigorously that for sufficiently small parameter, there is a family of periodic orbits, born in the (singular) Hopf bifurcation and extending to O(1) cycles that follow the strong canard of the folded saddle-node. The results in this paper connects the Hopf cycles to the canard cycles in the 3-dimensional case, which is a zero-Hopf bifurcation in the singular limit. More importantly, it is pointed out in this paper that the birth of a canard cycle in the 3-dimensional case through the folded saddle-node of type II is very different from the 2-dimensional case. In the 3-dimensional case, the birth of canard is no explosive, and hence is called the dud canard.

Recommendations

• Primary birth of canard cycles in slow-fast codimension 3 elliptic bifurcations
• Canard explosion near non-Liénard type slow-fast Hopf point
• Limit cycles in slow-fast codimension 3 saddle and elliptic bifurcations
• Saddle-node canard cycles in planar piecewise linear differential systems
• Canards in \(\mathbb{R}^3\)

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Cited in

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• Canard cycles of finite codimension with two breaking parameters

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