The dud canard: existence of strong canard cycles in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) (Q6048596)

The article provides a rigorous description of the birth of canard limit cycles in slow-fast systems in \(\mathbb{R}^3\) through the folded saddle-node of type II and the singular Hopf bifurcation. It proves rigorously that for sufficiently small parameter, there is a family of periodic orbits, born in the (singular) Hopf bifurcation and extending to O(1) cycles that follow the strong canard of the folded saddle-node. The results in this paper connects the Hopf cycles to the canard cycles in the 3-dimensional case, which is a zero-Hopf bifurcation in the singular limit. More importantly, it is pointed out in this paper that the birth of a canard cycle in the 3-dimensional case through the folded saddle-node of type II is very different from the 2-dimensional case. In the 3-dimensional case, the birth of canard is no explosive, and hence is called the dud canard.