Completeness of the ZH-calculus

DOI10.32408/COMPOSITIONALITY-5-5MaRDI QIDQ6050005zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Miriam Backens, Aleks Kissinger, Hector Miller-Bakewell, John van de Wetering

Publication date 11 October 2023

Published in Compositionality (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.06610

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quantum gates (81P65)

Abstract: There are various gate sets used for describing quantum computation. A particularly popular one consists of Clifford gates and arbitrary single-qubit phase gates. Computations in this gate set can be elegantly described by the ZX-calculus, a graphical language for a class of string diagrams describing linear maps between qubits. The ZX-calculus has proven useful in a variety of areas of quantum information, but is less suitable for reasoning about operations outside its natural gate set such as multi-linear Boolean operations like the Toffoli gate. In this paper we study the ZH-calculus, an alternative graphical language of string diagrams that does allow straightforward encoding of Toffoli gates and other more complicated Boolean logic circuits. We find a set of simple rewrite rules for this calculus and show it is complete with respect to matrices over $mathbbZ[frac12]$, which correspond to the approximately universal Toffoli+Hadamard gateset. Furthermore, we construct an extended version of the ZH-calculus that is complete with respect to matrices over any ring $R$ where $1+1$ is not a zero-divisor.

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• Rewriting and completeness of sum-over-paths in dyadic fragments of quantum computing
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• The Qudit ZH-Calculus: Generalised Toffoli+Hadamard and Universality
• The ZX-calculus is complete for the single-qubit Clifford+T group

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