Asymptotic behavior of class groups and cyclotomic Iwasawa theory of elliptic curves

Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve over \(\mathbb Q\) and let \(p\) be an odd prime where \(E\) has good reduction. For any \(n\in {\mathbb Z}_{\geq 0}\) let \(K_n^E={\mathbb Q}(E[p^n])\), the Galois field extension of \({\mathbb Q}\) generated by the coordinates of all \(p^n\)-torsion points of \(E\). Let \({\mathcal O}_{K_n^E}\) and \(\text{Cl}({\mathcal O}_{K_n^E})\) denote, respectively, the ring of integers of \(K_n^E\), and the class group of \(K_n^E\). Let \(K_n={\mathbb Q}(\mu_{p^n})\) where \(\mu_{p^n}\) is the group of \(p^n\)-th roots of unity. In the present paper the authors define a quotient \(A_n^E\) of \(\text{Cl}({\mathcal O}_{K_n^E})\otimes_{\mathbb Z}{\mathbb Z}_p\) and use the fine Selmer group \(\text{Sel}_p(K_n,E[p^n])\) to describe its asymptotic behavior. The main result of the paper is the following theorem. In its statement let \[K_\infty=\bigcup_{n\geq 0}K_n, \hskip .125 in {\mathcal G}_{n,0}=\text{Gal}(K_n/\mathbb Q), \text{and}\] \[R_n={\mathbb Z}/p^n{\mathbb Z}[\mathcal G_{n,0}]={\mathbb Z}_p/p^n{\mathbb Z}_p[\text{Gal}(K_n/\mathbb Q].\] Denote the Pontrjagin dual of \(A_n^E\) by \[(A_n^E)^\vee=\text{Hom}_{{\mathbb Z}_p}(A_n^E, {\mathbb Z}/p^n{\mathbb Z}).\] Theorem 1.1. Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve over \(\mathbb Q\), and \(p\) an odd prime number where \(E\) has good reduction. Suppose that \(E\) satisfies the following conditions (C1), (C2), and (C3). \begin{itemize} \item [(C1)] The Galois representation \[\rho_1^E: G_{K_\infty}:=\text {Gal}(\overline{\mathbb Q}/K_\infty)\rightarrow \text {Aut}_{{\mathbb F}_p}(E[p])\simeq\text{GL}_2({\mathbb F}_p)\] is absolutely irreducible over \({\mathbb F}_p\). \item[(C2)] For any \(n\in {\mathbb Z}_{\geq 1}\) and any place \(v\) of \(K_n\) where the base change \(E_{K_{n,v}}\) of \(E\) has potentially multiplicative reduction, we have \(E(K_{n,v})[p]=0\). \item [(C3)] If \(E\) has complex multiplication, the ring \(\text{End}(E)\) of endomorphisms of \(E\) defined over \(\overline{\mathbb Q}\) is the maximal order of an imaginary quadratic field. \end{itemize} Then, there exists a family of \(R_n\)-homomorphisms \[r_n:\text{Sel}_p(K_n,E[p^n])^{\oplus 2}\rightarrow (A_n^E)^{\vee}\] such that the kernel \(\text{Ker}(r_n)\) and the cokernel \(\text{Coker}(r_n)\) are finite with order bounded independently of \(n\). Now let \(\Delta = \mathcal G_{1,0}\simeq ({\mathbb Z}/p{\mathbb Z})^\times\) and for each \(\chi \in \widehat{\Delta}\) define the \({\mathbb Z}_p[\Delta]\)-algebra \({\mathbb Z}_p(\chi):={\mathbb Z}_p\) where \(\Delta\) acts via \(\chi\). For a \({\mathbb Z}_p[\Delta]\)-module \(M\), set \(M_\chi:=M\otimes_{{\mathbb Z}_p[\Delta]}{\mathbb Z}_p(\chi)\). Let \(h_{n,\chi}^E=\text{ord}_p(\#A_{n,\chi}^K)\) and \(h_n^E=\text{ord}_p(\#A_n^K)\) where \(\text{ord}_p\) is the additive \(p\)-adic valuation normalized by \(\text{ord}_p(p)=1\). Let \[\Gamma = \text{Gal}(K_\infty/K_1), \hskip .125 in \Lambda = {\mathbb Z}_p[ [\Gamma] ],\] and \[\text{Sel}_p(K_\infty,E[p^\infty])=\varinjlim_n \text{Sel}_p(K_n,E[p^\infty]).\] Define the Iwasawa module \(X_\infty\) by \[X_\infty:=\text{Sel}_p(K_\infty,E[p^\infty])^\vee:=\text{Hom}_{{\mathbb Z}_p}(\text{Sel}_p(K_\infty,E[p^\infty]), {\mathbb Q}_p/{\mathbb Z}_p),\] a finitely generated and torsion \(\Lambda\)-module. If \(\{a_n\}_n\) and \(\{b_n\}_n\) are sequences of real numbers such that the sequences \(\{a_n-b_n\}_n\) and \(\{b_n-a_n\}_n\) are bounded below, then write \(a_n\sim b_n\). The authors obtain the following corollary to Theorem 1.1. Corollary 1.8. Let \(E\) be an elliptic curve over \(\mathbb Q\), and \(p\) an odd prime number where \(E\) has good reduction. Suppose that \(E\) satisfies the conditions (C1), (C2), and (C3). Then, for any \(\chi\in \widehat{\Delta}\), we have \[h_{n,\chi}^E\sim 2\ (\mu(X_{\infty, \chi})p^{n-1}+\lambda (X_{\infty, \chi})n),\] and moreover, \(h_n^E\sim 2\ (\mu(X_\infty)p^{n-1}+\lambda (X_\infty)n)\).

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scientific article; zbMATH DE number 6108133 (Why is no real title available?)

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