Stratified reduction of singularities of generalized analytic functions

DOI10.1007/S13398-023-01486-8MaRDI QIDQ6085348zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Beatriz Molina-Samper, Jesús Palma-Márquez, F. Sanz

Publication date 8 November 2023

Published in Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales. Serie A: Matemáticas. RACSAM (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.10656

zbMATH Keywords

blowing-up morphismgeneralized power seriesprincipialization of idealsreduction of singularities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Global theory and resolution of singularities (algebro-geometric aspects) (14E15) Real-analytic and semi-analytic sets (14P15) Valuations, completions, formal power series and related constructions (associative rings and algebras) (16W60) Real-analytic manifolds, real-analytic spaces (32C05) Modifications; resolution of singularities (complex-analytic aspects) (32S45)

Abstract: Generalized analytic functions over generalized analytic manifolds are build from sums of convergent real power series with non-negative real exponents (and some well-ordering condition on the support). In a paper by Mart'in-Villaverde, Rolin and Sanz-S'anchez it is established a result of local reduction of singularities for such a functions. In this paper we deal with a first approach of the global problem. Namely, we prove that a germ of generalized analytic function can be transformed by a finite sequence of blowing-ups with closed centers into a function which is locally of monomial type with respect to the coordinates defining the boundary of the manifold (a normal crossings divisor).

Review text

In the paper under review, generalized analytic functions on generalized analytic manifolds are studied. The model space is given by \(\mathbb{R}_+^n\) where \(\mathbb{R}_+\) consists of the nonnegative real numbers. The prototype of a generalized analytic function is given by a generalized power series \(\sum_{\alpha\in \mathbb{R}_+^n}a_\alpha X^\alpha\) where \(X=(X_1,\ldots,X_n)\) such that the support is contained in a cartesian product of well-ordered subsets of \(\mathbb{R}_+\) and which converges on a neighbourhood of the origin in \(\mathbb{R}_+^n\). More precisely, a generalized analytic manifold is a locally ringed space \(\mathcal{M}=(M,\mathcal{G}_M)\), where \(M\) is a topological manifold with boundary and \(\mathcal{G}_M\) is a sheaf of continuous functions locally isomorphic to the sheaf of generalized analytic functions on open subsets of \(\mathbb{R}_+^n\). Sections of the sheaf \(\mathcal{G}_M\) are called themselves generalized analytic functions on \(M\). In [\textit{R. M. Villaverde} et al., Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat., Ser. A Mat., RACSAM 107, No. 1, 189--211 (2013; Zbl 1323.14004)], a local monomialization result has been established: \textit{Local Monomialization Theorem:} Let \(f\) be a generalized analytic function on a generalized analytic manifold \(M\) and let \(p\in M\). Then there exists a neighbourhood \(U_0\) of \(p\) in \(M\), finitely many sequences of local blowing-ups \(\{\pi_i:\mathcal{M}_i\to U_0\}_{i=1}^r\) and compact sets \(L_i\subset M_i\) satisfying that \(\bigcup_i\pi_i(L_i)\) is a neighbourhood of \(p\) and such that, for every \(i\), the total transform \(f_i=f\circ \pi_i\) is of monomial type at every \(q\in L_i\) (i.e., for some coordinates \(\mathbf{x}=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\) centered at \(q\), we have \(f_i=\mathbf{x}^\alpha U(\mathbf{x})\) where \(U(0)\neq 0\). The centers of blowing-ups in each sequence \(\pi_i\) have normal crossings with the boundary, but they are defined only on some open sets of the corresponding manifold. In the standard real analytic case there is a stronger global monomialization result, called reduction of singularities (see [\textit{J. M. Aroca} et al., Complex analytic desingularization. Tokyo: Springer (2018; Zbl 1409.14001)], [\textit{E. Bierstone} and \textit{P. D. Milman}, Invent. Math. 128, No. 2, 207--302 (1997; Zbl 0896.14006)] and [\textit{S. Encinas} and \textit{H. Hauser}, Comment. Math. Helv. 77, No. 4, 821--845 (2002; Zbl 1059.14022)]). There, essentially, one can take only a single sequence and the centers of the blowing-ups are globally defined closed analytic submanifolds, having normal crossings with the boundary. In the present paper the authors establish an intermediate result in the generalized analytic setting, the so-called stratified reduction of singularities. Here is the setting. The boundary \(\partial M\) is a normal crossing divisor; i.e. \(\partial M\) is locally given by a finite union of coordinate hyperplanes. The number of such hyperplanes at each point provides a natural stratification of \(M\) by analytic manifolds. A generalized analytic function \(f:M\to \mathbb{R}\) is said to be of stratified monomial type if for any given \(p\in M\), if \(S\) is the stratum where \(p\) belongs, there exists a local chart \((\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})\) centered at \(p\) satisfying \(S=\{\mathbf{x}=0\}\) and for which \(f(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})=\mathbf{x}^\alpha U(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})\) and \(U(0,\mathbf{y})\not\equiv 0\). Here is the main result: {Theorem:} Let \(\mathcal{M}=(M,\mathcal{G}_M)\) be a generalized analytic manifold and let \(f:M\to \mathbf{R}\) be a generalized analytic function. Let \(p\in M\) and assume that the germ of \(f\) at \(p\) is not identically zero. Then, there exist a neighbourhood \(V_p\) of \(p\) in \(M\) and a sequence of blowing-ups \[(M_r,\mathcal{G}_{M_r})\stackrel{\pi_{r-1}}{\rightarrow} (M_{r-1},\mathcal{G}_{M_{r-1}})\stackrel{\pi_{r-2}}{\rightarrow}\cdots\stackrel{\pi_1}{\rightarrow} (M_1,\mathcal{G}_{M_1})\stackrel{\pi_0}{\rightarrow}(M,\mathcal{G}_M|_{V_p})\] such that the pull-back \(f':=f\circ\pi_0\circ\cdots\circ\pi_{r-1}\in \mathcal{G}_{M_r}(M_r)\) is of stratified monomial type. Moreover, the center of each blowing-up \(\pi_j\), with \(j=0,\ldots,r-1\), can be chosen to be the closure of a codimenion two stratum in \(M_j\), where \(M_0:=V_p\).

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Cites work

• A simple algorithm for principalization of monomial ideals
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