Stratified reduction of singularities of generalized analytic functions (Q6085348)

In the paper under review, generalized analytic functions on generalized analytic manifolds are studied. The model space is given by \(\mathbb{R}_+^n\) where \(\mathbb{R}_+\) consists of the nonnegative real numbers. The prototype of a generalized analytic function is given by a generalized power series \(\sum_{\alpha\in \mathbb{R}_+^n}a_\alpha X^\alpha\) where \(X=(X_1,\ldots,X_n)\) such that the support is contained in a cartesian product of well-ordered subsets of \(\mathbb{R}_+\) and which converges on a neighbourhood of the origin in \(\mathbb{R}_+^n\). More precisely, a generalized analytic manifold is a locally ringed space \(\mathcal{M}=(M,\mathcal{G}_M)\), where \(M\) is a topological manifold with boundary and \(\mathcal{G}_M\) is a sheaf of continuous functions locally isomorphic to the sheaf of generalized analytic functions on open subsets of \(\mathbb{R}_+^n\). Sections of the sheaf \(\mathcal{G}_M\) are called themselves generalized analytic functions on \(M\). In [\textit{R. M. Villaverde} et al., Rev. R. Acad. Cienc. Exactas Fís. Nat., Ser. A Mat., RACSAM 107, No. 1, 189--211 (2013; Zbl 1323.14004)], a local monomialization result has been established: \textit{Local Monomialization Theorem:} Let \(f\) be a generalized analytic function on a generalized analytic manifold \(M\) and let \(p\in M\). Then there exists a neighbourhood \(U_0\) of \(p\) in \(M\), finitely many sequences of local blowing-ups \(\{\pi_i:\mathcal{M}_i\to U_0\}_{i=1}^r\) and compact sets \(L_i\subset M_i\) satisfying that \(\bigcup_i\pi_i(L_i)\) is a neighbourhood of \(p\) and such that, for every \(i\), the total transform \(f_i=f\circ \pi_i\) is of monomial type at every \(q\in L_i\) (i.e., for some coordinates \(\mathbf{x}=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\) centered at \(q\), we have \(f_i=\mathbf{x}^\alpha U(\mathbf{x})\) where \(U(0)\neq 0\). The centers of blowing-ups in each sequence \(\pi_i\) have normal crossings with the boundary, but they are defined only on some open sets of the corresponding manifold. In the standard real analytic case there is a stronger global monomialization result, called reduction of singularities (see [\textit{J. M. Aroca} et al., Complex analytic desingularization. Tokyo: Springer (2018; Zbl 1409.14001)], [\textit{E. Bierstone} and \textit{P. D. Milman}, Invent. Math. 128, No. 2, 207--302 (1997; Zbl 0896.14006)] and [\textit{S. Encinas} and \textit{H. Hauser}, Comment. Math. Helv. 77, No. 4, 821--845 (2002; Zbl 1059.14022)]). There, essentially, one can take only a single sequence and the centers of the blowing-ups are globally defined closed analytic submanifolds, having normal crossings with the boundary. In the present paper the authors establish an intermediate result in the generalized analytic setting, the so-called stratified reduction of singularities. Here is the setting. The boundary \(\partial M\) is a normal crossing divisor; i.e. \(\partial M\) is locally given by a finite union of coordinate hyperplanes. The number of such hyperplanes at each point provides a natural stratification of \(M\) by analytic manifolds. A generalized analytic function \(f:M\to \mathbb{R}\) is said to be of stratified monomial type if for any given \(p\in M\), if \(S\) is the stratum where \(p\) belongs, there exists a local chart \((\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})\) centered at \(p\) satisfying \(S=\{\mathbf{x}=0\}\) and for which \(f(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})=\mathbf{x}^\alpha U(\mathbf{x},\mathbf{y})\) and \(U(0,\mathbf{y})\not\equiv 0\). Here is the main result: {Theorem:} Let \(\mathcal{M}=(M,\mathcal{G}_M)\) be a generalized analytic manifold and let \(f:M\to \mathbf{R}\) be a generalized analytic function. Let \(p\in M\) and assume that the germ of \(f\) at \(p\) is not identically zero. Then, there exist a neighbourhood \(V_p\) of \(p\) in \(M\) and a sequence of blowing-ups \[(M_r,\mathcal{G}_{M_r})\stackrel{\pi_{r-1}}{\rightarrow} (M_{r-1},\mathcal{G}_{M_{r-1}})\stackrel{\pi_{r-2}}{\rightarrow}\cdots\stackrel{\pi_1}{\rightarrow} (M_1,\mathcal{G}_{M_1})\stackrel{\pi_0}{\rightarrow}(M,\mathcal{G}_M|_{V_p})\] such that the pull-back \(f':=f\circ\pi_0\circ\cdots\circ\pi_{r-1}\in \mathcal{G}_{M_r}(M_r)\) is of stratified monomial type. Moreover, the center of each blowing-up \(\pi_j\), with \(j=0,\ldots,r-1\), can be chosen to be the closure of a codimenion two stratum in \(M_j\), where \(M_0:=V_p\).