Transcendence of polynomial canonical heights

DOI10.1007/S00208-022-02465-XMaRDI QIDQ6093596zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Khoa D. Nguyen

Publication date 7 September 2023

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.14937

zbMATH Keywords

algebraic numberBöttcher coordinatesChebyshev polynomialsMedvedev-Scanlon classificationpreperiodic subvarietiesproblem of Silvermansplit polynomial maps

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Heights (11G50) Transcendence (general theory) (11J81) Arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems involving polynomial and rational maps (37P05) Height functions; Green functions; invariant measures in arithmetic and non-Archimedean dynamical systems (37P30) Arithmetic dynamics on general algebraic varieties (37P55)

Abstract: There are two fundamental problems motivated by Silverman's conversations over the years concerning the nature of the exact values of canonical heights of $$ where $f$ has degree $dgeq2$. The first problem is the conjecture that $hat{h}_f(a)$ is either $0$ or transcendental for every $$; this holds when $f$ is linearly conjugate to $z^d$ or $pm{C}_d(z)$ where $C_d(z)$ is the Chebyshev polynomial of degree $d$ since $hat{H}_f(a)$ is algebraic for every $a$. Other than this, very little is known: for example, it is not known if there emph{exists} even emph{one} rational number $a$ such that $hat{h}_f(a)$ is emph{irrational} where $f(z)=z^2+displaystylefrac12$. The second problem asks for the characterization of all pairs $(f,a)$ such that $hat{H}_f(a)$ is algebraic. In this paper, we solve the second problem and obtain significant progress to the first problem in the case of polynomial dynamics. These are consequences of our main result concerning the possible algebraic numbers that can be expressed as a multiplicative combination of values of B"ottcher coordinates. The proof of our main result uses a construction of a certain auxiliary polynomial and the powerful Medvedev-Scanlon classification of preperiodic subvarieties of split polynomial maps.

Review text

Let \(d\geq 2\) and \(r\geq 0\) be integers. Let \(f_1,\dots ,f_r\) be polynomials which are not linearly conjugate to \(z^d\) or ``plus-minus Chebychev polynomials of degree \(d\). For \(i=1,\dots ,r\) set \[\phi_{f_i}(z)= a_{1,i}+\frac 1z a_{-1,i}(z)+ \frac 1{z^2} a_{-2,i}+\dots \in z\mathbb C[\frac 1z]\] such that \(a_{1,i}\not= 0\) and \(\phi_{f_i}(f_i(z))=\phi_{f_i}(f_i(z))^d\). For every \(i=1,\dots ,r\) let \(a_i\) be algebraic number in the functional domain of convergence of \(\phi_{f_i}\). Let \(n_1,\dots ,r\) be integers. The author proves that if \(\alpha =\prod_{i=1}^r \phi_{f_i}(a_i)^{n_i}\) is algebraic \(\alpha\) is a root of unity.

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Cited in

(5)

• Canonical heights and division polynomials
• Canonical heights, transfinite diameters, and polynomial dynamics
• Algebraicity criteria, invariant subvarieties and transcendence problems from arithmetic dynamics
• Lower Bounds for the Canonical Height of a Unicritical Polynomial and Capacity
• On the number of points with bounded dynamical canonical height

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