Towards a classification of multi-faced independence: a representation-theoretic approach

DOI10.1016/J.JFA.2023.109907MaRDI QIDQ6102604zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Malte Gerhold, Takahiro Hasebe, Michaël Ulrich

Publication date 9 May 2023

Published in Journal of Functional Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.07649

zbMATH Keywords

multi-faced independencenoncommutative independenceuniversal products

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Noncommutative probability and statistics (46L53) Free probability and free operator algebras (46L54) Probability theory on algebraic and topological structures (60B99)

Abstract: We attack the classification problem of multi-faced independences, the first non-trivial example being Voiculescu's bi-freeness. While the present paper does not achieve a complete classification, it formalizes the idea of lifting an operator on a pre-Hilbert space in a "universal" way to a larger product space, which is key for the construction of (old and new) examples. It will be shown how universal lifts can be used to construct very well-behaved (multi-faced) independences in general. Furthermore, we entirely classify universal lifts to the tensor product and to the free product of pre-Hilbert spaces. Our work brings to light surprising new examples of 2-faced independences. Most noteworthy, for many known 2-faced independences, we find that they admit continuous deformations within the class of 2-faced independences, showing in particular that, in contrast with the single faced case, this class is infinite (and even uncountable).

Review text

The present paper is devoted to the study of multi-faced notions of noncommutative independence, motivated by the bi-freeness of Voiculescu. Independence is understood here in the sense of quantum probability, as a systematic prescription providing a way of computing noncommutative joint distributions of random vectors. The corresponding single-faced independences were classified in [\textit{N.~Muraki}, Infin. Dimens. Anal. Quantum Probab. Relat. Top. 6, No.~3, 337--371 (2003; Zbl 1053.81057)]. The multi-faced situation turns out to be more complicated, and the authors do not provide a full classification, but construct infinitely many of pairwise different examples. The approach is effectively purely algebraic, combining combinatorial and categorical methods and is based on the study of various possible functorial ways of extending pairs of operators to tensor/free products of Hilbert spaces.

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Cited in

(5)

• Categorial independence and Lévy processes
• Conditionally bi-free independence for pairs of faces
• Shuffle algebras and non-commutative probability for pairs of faces
• Towards a classification of multi-faced independences: a combinatorial approach
• Schoenberg correspondence for multifaced independence

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