On the image in the torus of sparse points on dilating analytic curves

Abstract: It is known that the image in

m a t h b b R^{2} / m a t h b b Z^{2}

of a circle of radius

h o

in the plane becomes equidistributed as

h o o i n f t y

. We consider the following sparse version of this phenomenon. Starting from a sequence of radii

l e f t {h o_{n} i g h t}_{n = 1}^{i n f t y}

which diverges to

i n f t y

and an angle

o m e g a i n m a t h b b R / m a t h b b Z,

we consider the projection to

m a t h b b R^{2} / m a t h b b Z^{2}

of the

n

'th roots of unity rotated by angle

o m e g a

and dilated by a factor of

h o_{n}

. We prove that if

h o_{n}

is bounded polynomially in

n

, then the image of these sparse collections becomes equidistributed, and moreover, if

h o_{n}

grows arbitrarily fast, then we show that equidistribution holds for almost all

o m e g a

. Interestingly, we found that for any angle there is a sequence of radii growing to

i n f t y

faster then any polynomial for which equidistribution fails dramatically. In greater generality, we prove this type of results for dilations of varying analytic curves in

m a t h b b R^{d}

. A novel component of the proof is the use of the theory of o-minimal structures to control exponential sums.

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