Kuznetsov's Fano threefold conjecture via K3 categories and enhanced group actions

Abstract: We settle the last open case of Kuznetsov's conjecture on the derived categories of Fano threefolds. Contrary to the original conjecture, we prove the Kuznetsov components of quartic double solids and Gushel-Mukai threefolds are never equivalent, as recently shown independently by Zhang. On the other hand, we prove the modified conjecture asserting their deformation equivalence. Our proof of nonequivalence combines a categorical Enriques-K3 correspondence with the Hodge theory of categories. Along the way, we obtain a categorical description of the periods of Gushel-Mukai varieties, which we use to resolve a conjecture of Kuznetsov and the second author on the birational categorical Torelli problem, as well as to give a simple proof of a theorem of Debarre and Kuznetsov on the fibers of the period map. Our proof of deformation equivalence relies on results of independent interest about obstructions to enhancing group actions on categories.

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\textit{A. G. Kuznetsov} [Proc. Steklov Inst. Math. 264, 110--122 (2009; Zbl 1312.14055); translation from Tr. Mat. Inst. Steklova 264, 116--128 (2009)] formulated a certain conjecture on derived categories of Fano threefolds of Picard number \(1\). More precisely, he conjectured existence of a certain correpondence relating Kuznetsov's components for such Fano threefolds of index \(2\) and degree \(d\), and threefolds of index \(1\) and degree \(4d +2\). He proved this for \(d=3\), \(4\) and \(5\) but the conjecture occured to be false for \(d=1\) and \(2\). The authors show that for \(d=2\) this conjecture fails in a much worse way than previously known as Kuznetsov's components for a quartic double solid and a Gushel-Mukai threefold are never equivalent. This result was independently shown by \textit{S. Zhang} [``Bridgeland Moduli spaces for Gushel-Mukai threefolds and Kuznetsov's Fano threefold conjecture, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2012.12193}], using a different method. In spite of this negative result, the authors prove a modified version of the conjecture asserting deformation equivalence of such Kuznetsov's components. Recently, this result was also independently shown by \textit{A. Kuznetsov} and \textit{E. Shinder} [``Derived categories of Fano threefolds and degenerations, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2305.17213}], using a different method. Although the results are stated for components of the standard derived categories of coherent sheaves, the proofs exploit derived algebraic geometry, in particular stable \(\infty\)-categories and \(\infty\)-categorical group actions on enhanced triangulated categories.

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