Height of exceptional collections and Hochschild cohomology of quasiphantom categories

DOI10.1515/CRELLE-2013-0077MaRDI QIDQ890769zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Alexander Kuznetsov

Publication date 11 November 2015

Published in Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1211.4693

zbMATH Keywords

exceptional collectionHochschild cohomologyphantom categoryquasi-phantom category

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Abstract: We define the normal Hochschild cohomology of an admissible subcategory of the derived category of coherent sheaves on a smooth projective variety $X$ --- a graded vector space which controls the restriction morphism from the Hochschild cohomology of $X$ to the Hochschild cohomology of the orthogonal complement of this admissible subcategory. When the subcategory is generated by an exceptional collection, we define its new invariant (the height) and show that the orthogonal to an exceptional collection of height $h$ in the derived category of a smooth projective variety $X$ has the same Hochschild cohomology as $X$ in degrees up to $h-2$. We use this to describe the second Hochschild cohomology of quasiphantom categories in the derived categories of some surfaces of general type. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions of fullness of an exceptional collection in terms of its height and of its normal Hochschild cohomology.

Review text

One of the very interesting recent developments in the theory of derived categories of coherent sheaves on smooth projective varieties was the discovery of so-called phantom and quasi-phantom categories. If \(X\) is a smooth projective variety then an admissible subcategory \(\mathcal{A}\) of \(D(X)\), the derived bounded category of coherent sheaves on \(X\), is a phantom (resp. quasi-phantom) its Hochschild homology and cohomology are zero and its Grothendieck group is trivial (resp. torsion). At the time this paper was written there were three known examples of families of surfaces whose derived categories contain a quasi-phantom subcategory [\textit{C. Böhning} et al., Adv. Math. 243, 203--231 (2013; Zbl 1299.14015)], [\textit{V. Alexeev} and \textit{D. Orlov}, Math. Ann. 357, No. 2, 743--759 (2013; Zbl 1282.14030)], [\textit{S. Galkin} and \textit{E. Shinder}, Adv. Math. 244, 1033--1050 (2013; Zbl 1408.14068)] and one family whose derived categories contains a phantom subcategory [\textit{C. Böhning} et al., J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 17, No. 7, 1569--1592 (2015; Zbl 1323.14014)]. In these examples, the (quasi-)phantom subcategory is the orthogonal complement to an exceptional collection of the maximum possible length which moves with the surfaces in moduli but does not deform. So a point of view one could take is that the presence of a (quasi-)phantom category accounts for the failure of a Torelli-type theorem to hold. The main application of the present paper is to show that for these examples, the deformation theory of \(D(X)\) is canonically isomorphic to the deformation theory of its (quasi-)phantom subcatory. This is made precise as follows. Let \(\mathcal{D}\) be a DG-category and \(\mathcal{A}\) a full DG-subcategory. Then there is a restriction morphism \(\mathrm{HH}^\bullet(\mathcal{D}) \to \mathrm{HH}^\bullet(\mathcal{A})\). This restriction morphism is a morphism of Gerstenhaber algebras and therefore induces a morphism of formal deformation spaces. So it is desirable in general to understand the mapping cone for the restriction morphism. If the restriction morphism is an isomorphism in degrees \(0\) through \(3\) then restriction identifies the formal deformation spaces. In the especially clear and well-written paper under review, the author studies a smooth projective variety \(X\) and the Čech DG-enhancement of \(D(X)\) equipped with a semi-orthogonal decomposition \(\mathcal{D} = D(X) = \langle \mathcal{A}, \mathcal{B} \rangle\). The author associates a complex \(\mathrm{NHH}^\bullet(\mathcal{B},\mathcal{D})\), called the normal Hochschild cohomology. The normal Hochschild cohomology turns out to fit into an exact triangle \[ \mathrm{NHH}^\bullet(\mathcal{B},\mathcal{D}) \to \mathrm{HH}^\bullet(\mathcal{D}) \to \mathrm{HH}^\bullet(\mathcal{A}) \to \] When \(\mathcal{B}\) is generated by an exceptional collection, the author shows that \(\mathrm{NHH}^\bullet(\mathcal{B},\mathcal{D})\) can be computed by a natural spectral sequence involving the ext-spaces among the terms in the exceptional collection. From this he derives a criterion for the vanishing of \(\mathrm{NHH}^\bullet(\mathcal{B},\mathcal{D})\) in low degrees, which is used to define height and pseudoheight for exceptional collections, then applied to the examples of surfaces with (quasi-)phantoms.

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Cited in

(25)

• Applications of toric systems on surfaces
• Six operations on dg enhancements of derived categories of sheaves
• Exceptional collections on Dolgachev surfaces associated with degenerations
• Categorical characterization of quadrics
• Some remarks on phantom categories and motives
• t-structures and twisted complexes on derived injectives
• Perverse sheaves of categories and some applications
• Hochschild cohomology of noncommutative planes and quadrics
• Derived categories of Keum's fake projective planes
• An example of a non-Fourier-Mukai functor between derived categories of coherent sheaves
• Exceptional collections of line bundles on the Beauville surface
• Exceptional sequences of maximal length on some surfaces isogenous to a higher product
• Hochschild cohomology and group actions
• Polyvector fields for Fano 3-folds
• Geometric phantom categories
• Exceptional collections on some fake quadrics
• Derived categories of Gushel-Mukai varieties
• Derived categories of surfaces isogenous to a higher product
• Determinantal Barlow surfaces and phantom categories
• Derived noncommutative schemes, geometric realizations, and finite dimensional algebras
• An orbit construction of phantoms, Orlov spectra, and Knörrer periodicity
• Derived categories view on rationality problems
• Kuznetsov's Fano threefold conjecture via \(K3\) categories and enhanced group actions
• A phantom on a rational surface
• A looming of phantoms

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