Global stability dynamics of the timelike extremal hypersurfaces in Minkowski space

Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Wave equation (35L05) Stability problems for infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L15) Minimal surfaces in differential geometry, surfaces with prescribed mean curvature (53A10)

Abstract: This paper aims to study the relationship between the timelike extremal hypersurfaces and the classical minimal surfaces. This target also gives the long time dynamics of timelike extremal hypersurfaces in Minkowski spacetime

m a t h b b R^{1 + M}

with the dimension

2 l e q M l e q 7

. In this dimension, the stationary solution of timelike extremal hypersurface equation is the solution of classical minimal surface equation, which only admits the hyperplane solution by Bernstein theorem. We prove that this hyperplane solution as the stationary solution of timelike extremal hypersurface equation is asymptotic stablely by finding the hidden dissipative structure of linearized equation. Here we overcome that the vector field method (based on the energy estimate and bootstrap argument) is lose effectiveness due to the lack of time-decay of solution for the linear perturbation equation. Meanwhile, a global well-posed result of linear damped wave with variable time-space coefficients is established. Hence, our result construct a unique global timelike non-small solution near the hyperplane.

Review text

Let \(\mathcal{M}\) be a timelike \((M + 1)\)-dimensional hypersurface, and \((\mathbb{R}^{D} , g)\) be a \(D\)-dimensional Minkowski space. At any time \(t\), the spacetime volume in \(\mathbb{R}^{D}\) of \(\mathcal{M}\) can be described as a graph over \(\mathbb{R}^{M}\) that satisfies \[ \mathcal{S}(u)=\int_{\mathbb{R}}\int_{\mathbb{R}^{M}} \sqrt{1-|\partial_{t}u|^{2}-|\nabla u|^{2}} \ d\mathrm{vol}_{\mathbb{R}^{M}}dt. \] Critical points of \(\mathcal{S}(u)\) give rise to time-like extremal hypersurfaces, i.e. with vanishing mean curvature. There are three natural questions in the theory of timelike extremal hypersurfaces: \begin{enumerate} \item[1.] Is the hyperplane stable for the timelike extremal hypersurfaces equation in the dimension \(M \geq 2\)? \item[2.] If \(M \geq 8\), are there solutions of the timelike extremal hypersurfaces equation that convergence to non-planar minimal surfaces as the time \(t\) goes to \(+\infty\)? \item[3.] Is the stationary solution of the timelike extremal hypersurfaces equation stable in some function spaces under stochastic perturbations? \end{enumerate} In the present paper, the authors answer question 1, showing that, if \(M\geq 2\), the hyperplane solution of the timelike extremal hypersurfaces equation is asymptoticly stable in Sobolev space \(H^{s}(\mathbb{R}^{M})\) for any \(s \geq 1\).

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