Modified expansion law with Kodama-Hayward temperature for the horizon

DOI10.1007/S10714-023-03091-XMaRDI QIDQ6132929zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors M. Muhsinath, V. T. Hassan Basari, Titus K. Mathew

Publication date 15 July 2023

Published in General Relativity and Gravitation (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2211.01739

zbMATH Keywords

modified gravityfirst law of thermodynamicsexpansion lawemergent space

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Series expansions (e.g., Taylor, Lidstone series, but not Fourier series) (41A58) Classical and relativistic thermodynamics (80A10) Einstein's equations (general structure, canonical formalism, Cauchy problems) (83C05) Gravitational energy and conservation laws; groups of motions (83C40) Relativistic gravitational theories other than Einstein's, including asymmetric field theories (83D05) Kaluza-Klein and other higher-dimensional theories (83E15) Integration of real functions of several variables: length, area, volume (26B15)

Abstract: The expansion law proposed by Padmanabhan suggests that the evolution of the volume of the horizon is due to the difference between the degrees of freedom on the horizon and the degrees of freedom in the bulk enclosed by the horizon. In formulating this law, Padmanabhan used the temperature, $T=H/2pi$, for a dynamical expansion. In this work, we modified the expansion law using Kodama-Hayward temperature, the dynamical temperature, for the horizon, first in (3+1) Einstein's gravity and extended it to higher order gravity theories such as (n+1) Einstein gravity, Gauss-Bonnet gravity, and more general Lovelock gravity. Contrary to the conventional approach, we expressed degrees of freedom of the horizon in terms of the surface energy of the horizon. Also, we have expressed modified expansion law in terms of cosmic components. It then turns out that it is possible to express the modified expansion law in a form as if $T=H/2pi$ is the temperature of the dynamical horizon.

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