The Kauffman bracket skein module of the lens spaces via unoriented braids

DOI10.1142/S0219199722500766MaRDI QIDQ6154989zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Ioannis Diamantis

Publication date 16 February 2024

Published in Communications in Contemporary Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2204.00410

zbMATH Keywords

solid torusKauffman bracketlens spacesskein modulemixed braidsmixed linksbraid group of type Bgeneralized Hecke algebra of type Bgeneralized Temperley-Lieb algebra of type Bunoriented braids

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Braid groups; Artin groups (20F36) Hecke algebras and their representations (20C08) Other groups related to topology or analysis (20F38) Knot polynomials (57K14) Knot theory (57K10) Invariants of 3-manifolds (including skein modules, character varieties) (57K31) Generalized knots (virtual knots, welded knots, quandles, etc.) (57K12) Higher-dimensional knots and links (57K45) Low-dimensional topology in specific dimensions (57K99) Other geometric structures on 3-manifolds (57K35)

Abstract: In this paper we develop a braid theoretic approach for computing the Kauffman bracket skein module of the lens spaces $L(p,q)$, KBSM($L(p,q)$), for $qeq0$. For doing this, we introduce a new concept, that of an {it unoriented braid}. Unoriented braids are obtained from standard braids by ignoring the natural top-to-bottom orientation of the strands. We first define the {it generalized Temperley-Lieb algebra of type B}, $T{L}_{1,n}$, which is related to the knot theory of the solid torus ST, and we obtain the universal Kauffman bracket type invariant, $V$, for knots and links in ST, via a unique Markov trace constructed on $T{L}_{1,n}$. The universal invariant $V$ is equivalent to the KBSM(ST). For passing now to the KBSM($L(p,q)$), we impose on $V$ relations coming from the band moves (or slide moves), that is, moves that reflect isotopy in $L(p,q)$ but not in ST, and which reflect the surgery description of $L(p,q)$, obtaining thus, an infinite system of equations. By construction, solving this infinite system of equations is equivalent to computing KBSM($L(p,q)$). We first present the solution for the case $q=1$, which corresponds to obtaining a new basis, $mathcal{B}_p$, for KBSM($L(p,1)$) with $(lfloorp/2floor+1)$ elements. We note that the basis $mathcal{B}_p$ is different from the one obtained by Hoste & Przytycki. For dealing with the complexity of the infinite system for the case $q>1$, we first show how the new basis $mathcal{B}_p$ of KBSM($L(p,1)$) can be obtained using a diagrammatic approach based on unoriented braids, and we finally extend our result to the case $q>1$.

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