Secular orbital dynamics of the innermost exoplanet of the -Andromedæ system

DOI10.1007/S10569-023-10141-8MaRDI QIDQ6155764zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Rita Mastroianni, Ugo Locatelli

Publication date 7 June 2023

Published in Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy (Search for Journal in Brave)

Copyright license Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.09038

zbMATH Keywords

Hamiltonian perturbation theoryn-body planetary problemnormal formquasi-periodic restricted Hamiltonian

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(n)-body problems (70F10) Celestial mechanics (70F15) Perturbation theories for problems in Hamiltonian and Lagrangian mechanics (70H09)

Abstract: We introduce a quasi-periodic restricted Hamiltonian to describe the secular motion of a small-mass planet in a multi-planetary system. In particular, we refer to the motion of $upsilon$-And $b$ which is the innermost planet among those discovered in the extrasolar system orbiting around the $upsilon$-Andromedae A star. We preassign the orbits of the Super-Jupiter exoplanets $upsilon$-And $c$ and $upsilon$-And $d$ in a stable configuration. The Fourier decompositions of their secular motions are reconstructed by using the Frequency Analysis and are injected in the equations describing the orbital dynamics of $upsilon$-And $b$ under the gravitational effects exerted by those two external exoplanets (expected to be major ones in such an extrasolar system). We end up with a $2+3/2$ degrees of freedom Hamiltonian model; its validity is confirmed by the comparison with several numerical integrations of the complete $4$-body problem. Furthermore, the model is enriched by taking into account also the relativistic effects on the secular motion of the innermost exoplanet. We focus on the problem of the stability of $upsilon$-And $b$ as a function of the parameters that mostly impact on its orbit, i.e. the initial values of its inclination and the longitude of its node. We study the evolution of its eccentricity, crucial to exclude orbital configurations with high probability of (quasi)collision with the central star in the long-time evolution of the system. Moreover, we also introduce a normal form approach, that further reduces our Hamiltonian model to a system with $2$ degrees of freedom, which is integrable because it admits a constant of motion related to the total angular momentum. This allows us to quickly preselect the domains of stability for $upsilon$-And $b$, with respect to the set of the initial orbital configurations that are compatible with the observations.

Review text

The \(v\)-Andromedæ\: system was the first ever to be discovered among the ones that host at least two exoplanets. This article deals with the motion of \(v\)-And \({\mathbf b}\), which is the innermost planet among those discovered in the extrasolar system around the star \(v\)-Andromedæ\: A. The main aim is to extend the study of the stability to the orbital dynamics of \(v\)-And \({\mathbf b}\), still adopting a hierarchical approach. The authors introduce a quasi-periodic restricted Hamiltonian to describe the secular motion of a small-mass planet in a multi-planetary system. Also, they preassign the orbits of the Super-Jupiter exoplanets \(v\)-And \({\mathbf c}\) and \(v\)-And \({\mathbf d}\) in a stable configuration. The Fourier decompositions of their secular motions are reconstructed by using the well-known technique of the (so-called) frequency analysis and are injected in the equations describing the orbital dynamics of \(v\)-And \({\mathbf b}\) under the gravitational effects exerted by those two external exoplanets (that are expected to be major ones in such an extrasolar system). In the first part of the paper, the frequency analysis is used to reconstruct the Fourier decompositions of the secular motions of the outer exoplanets \(v\)-And \({\mathbf c}\) and \(v\)-And \({\mathbf d}\). Then, in Section 3 and 4, the secular quasi-periodic restricted Hamiltonian model (with \(2 + 3/2\) degrees of freedom) is introduced and validated through the comparison with several numerical integrations of the complete four-body problem, hosting planets \({\mathbf b}\), \({\mathbf c}\), \({\mathbf d}\) of the \(v\)-Andromedæ\: system. The double normalization procedure allowing to perform a sort of averaging which further simplifies the model is described with a rather general approach. In Section 5, this normal form procedure is applied to the quasi-periodic restricted Hamiltonian, in such a way to derive an integrable model with 2 degrees of freedom describing the secular orbital dynamics of \(v\)-And \({\mathbf b}\). Such a simplified model is used to study \(v\)-And \({\mathbf b}\) stability domain in the parameters space of the initial values of the inclination and the longitude of node. All this computational procedure is repeated in the last section, starting from a version of the secular quasi-periodic restricted Hamiltonian model which includes also relativistic corrections; this allows to appreciate the effects on the orbital dynamics due to general relativity.

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Cited in

(4)

• Computer-assisted proofs of existence of KAM tori in planetary dynamical models of \(\upsilon\)-And \(\mathbf{b}\)
• Sun-Jupiter-Saturn system may exist: a verified computation of quasiperiodic solutions for the planar three-body problem
• On the limits of application of mean motion resonant normal forms of the three-body problem for crossing orbits and close encounters
• Analytical approach to the secular behaviour of exoplanetary systems

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