The Schur-Sato theory for quasi-elliptic rings

Abstract: The notion of quasi-elliptic rings appeared as a result of an attempt to classify a wide class of commutative rings of operators found in the theory of integrable systems, such as rings of commuting differential, difference, differential-difference, etc. operators. They are contained in a certain non-commutative "universal" ring - a purely algebraic analogue of the ring of pseudodifferential operators on a manifold, and admit (under certain mild restrictions) a convenient algebraic-geometric description. An important algebraic part of this description is the Schur-Sato theory - a generalisation of the well known theory for ordinary differential operators. Some parts of this theory were developed earlier in a series of papers, mostly for dimension two. In this paper we present this theory in arbitrary dimension. We apply this theory to prove two classification theorems of quasi-elliptic rings in terms of certain pairs of subspaces (Schur pairs). They are necessary for the algebraic-geometric description of quasi-elliptic rings mentioned above. The theory is effective and has several other applications, among them is a new proof of the Abhyankar inversion formula.

Review text

The author's goal is to classify the class of commutative operator rings, such as rings of commuting differential, difference and differential-difference operators that arise in the theory of integrable systems defined on manifolds of arbitrary dimension. More precisely, in the paper under review a classification of some equivalence classes of quasi-elliptic rings of any rank in terms of Schur pairs is obtained. The author exploits the classical Schur-Sato theory to construct a natural correspondence between the equivalence classes of quasi-elliptic rings and projective spectral data. In fact, this can be considered as a generalization of the Krichever correspondence, well-known in the one-dimensional case (see [\textit{I. M. Krichever}, Funkts. Anal. Prilozh. 12, No. 3, 20--31 (1978; Zbl 0408.34008)]). It should be noted that the two-dimensional case was analyzed by \textit{A. N. Parshin} [Funct. Anal. Appl. 35, No. 1, 74--76 (2001; Zbl 1078.14525); Commun. Algebra 29, No. 9, 4157--4181 (2001; Zbl 1014.14015)], and his followers (see, e.g., [\textit{D. V. Osipov}, Izv. Math. 65, No. 5, 941--975 (2001; Zbl 1068.14053)], [\textit{A. B. Zheglov} and \textit{D. V. Osipov}, Math. Notes 81, No. 4, 467--476 (2007; Zbl 1134.14023)]). Another result regarding the corresponding classification for the rank 1 case is also described in more detail and one specific example is discussed. Among further applications, the generalized Birkhoff decomposition theorem [\textit{M. Mulase}, Int. J. Math. 1, No. 3, 293--342 (1990; Zbl 0723.14010)] and Abhyankar's inversion formula (see [\textit{H. Bass} et al., Bull. Am. Math. Soc., New Ser. 7, 287--330 (1982; Zbl 0539.13012)]) are proved.

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