Normal forms, moving frames, and differential invariants for nondegenerate hypersurfaces in C^2

DOI10.1007/S12220-023-01243-8MaRDI QIDQ6157812zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Peter J. Olver, Masoud Sabzevari, Francis Valiquette

Publication date 12 May 2023

Published in The Journal of Geometric Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2202.12869

zbMATH Keywords

CR manifoldequivariant moving framenormal form

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Groups as automorphisms of other structures (22F50) Real submanifolds in complex manifolds (32V40) Differential invariants (local theory), geometric objects (53A55) Normal forms on manifolds (58K50)

Abstract: We use the method of equivariant moving frames to revisit the problem of normal forms and equivalence of nondegenerate real hypersurfaces M subset C^2 under the pseudo-group action of holomorphic transformations. The moving frame recurrence formulae allow us to systematically and algorithmically recover the results of Chern and Moser for hypersurfaces that are either non-umbilic at a point p in M or umbilic in an open neighborhood of it. In the former case, the coefficients of the normal form expansion, when expressed as functions of the jet of the hypersurface at the point, provide a complete system of functionally independent differential invariants that can be used to solve the equivalence problem. We prove that under a suitable genericity condition, the entire algebra of differential invariants for such hypersurfaces can be generated, through the operators of invariant differentiation, by a single real differential invariant of order 7. We then apply moving frames to construct new convergent normal forms for nondegenerate real hypersurfaces at singularly umbilic points, namely those umbilic points where the hypersurface is not identically umbilic around them.

Review text

This paper studies the problem of normal forms and equivalence of nondegenerate real hypersurfaces \(M\subset{\mathbb{C}^2}\) under the pseudo-group action of holomorphic transformations by the method of equivariant moving frames. The paper by \textit{S. S. Chern} and \textit{J. K. Moser} [Acta Math. 133, 219--271 (1975; Zbl 0302.32015)] is very important in the field of local geometry of real hypersurfaces in the complex space \(\mathbb{C}^n\). In [loc. cit.], Chern and Moser applied two complementary methods to study the problem: normal forms based on Taylor expansions, and the Cartan equivalence method. The two methods bring a different range of tools and results, and their precise interrelationship remains not entirely clear. This paper derives normal forms in the case of singularly umbilic points by the effective method of equivariant moving frames, which contributes to reconciling the Cartan equivalence and normal form methods. The most important contribution of the method of equivariant moving frames are the recurrence relations, which are easy to use. Firstly, the authors perform the normalizations up to order six through using the recurrence relations for the (partially) normalized invariants. Then they re-establish the Chern-Moser normal forms for, respectively, the non-umbilic and umbilic cases. Finally, they give a proof of the main theorem, where they consider nondegenerate hypersurfaces \(M\) that are singularly umbilic at a point \(p\), and the normal forms of the three cases -- generic, semi-circular, and circular are derived successively.

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Cited in

(8)

• On the curvature of CR-structures and it covariant derivatives
• Construction of the normal form of the equation of a surface of high codimension
• Projective invariants of CR-hypersurfaces
• Global differential invariants of nondegenerate hypersurfaces
• Normal form for infinite type hypersurfaces in C^2 with nonvanishing Levi form derivative
• A Lie-theoretic construction of Cartan-Moser chains
• Equivalences of CR manifolds in dimensions 5: a survey
• Complete normal forms for real hypersurfaces in \(\mathbb{C}^3\) at 2-nondegenerate points of Levi non-uniform rank zero

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