Weak type (1,1) bounds for Schrödinger groups

Abstract: Let

L

be a non-negative self-adjoint operator acting on

L^{2} (X)

where

X

is a space of homogeneous type with a dimension

n

. Suppose that the heat kernel of

L

satisfies a Gaussian upper bound. It is known that the operator

(I + L)^{- s} e^{i t L}

is bounded on

L^{p} (X)

for

s > n | 1 / 2 - 1 / p |

and

p i n (1, i n f t y)

(see for example, cite{CCO, H, Sj}). The index

s = n | 1 / 2 - 1 / p |

was only obtained recently in cite{CDLY, CDLY2}, and this range of

s

is sharp since it is precisely the range known in the case when

L

is the Laplace operator

D e l t a

on

X = m a t h b b R^{n}

(cite{Mi1}). In this paper we establish that for

p = 1,

the operator

(1 + L)^{- n / 2} e^{i t L}

is of weak type

(1, 1)

, that is, there is a constant

C

, independent of

t

and

f

so that �egin{eqnarray*} muBig(Big{x: �ig|(I+L)^{-n/2 }e^{itL} f(x)�ig|>lambda Big}Big) leq Clambda^{-1}(1+|t|)^{n/2} {|f|_{L^1(X)} }, tin{mathbb R} end{eqnarray*} (for

l a m b d a > 0

when

m u (X) = i n f t y

and

l a m b d a > m u (X)^{- 1} | f |_{L^{1} (X)}

when

m u (X) < i n f t y

). Moreover, we also show the index

n / 2

is sharp when

L

is the Laplacian on

m a t h b b R^{n}

by providing an example. Our results are applicable to Schr"odinger group for large classes of operators including elliptic operators on compact manifolds, Schr"odinger operators with non-negative potentials and Laplace operators acting on Lie groups of polynomial growth or irregular non-doubling domains of Euclidean spaces.

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