On Liu morphisms in non-Archimedean geometry

Abstract: We define Liu morphisms and quasi-Liu morphisms between Berkovich analytic spaces. We show that Liu morphisms and quasi-Liu morphisms behave exactly as affine morphisms and quasi-affine morphisms of schemes.

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The article studies a new notion of Stein space in non-Archimedean analytic geometry. These spaces are the analytic counterpart of the affine spaces of algebraic geometry as they are completely determined by their algebras of analytic functions and satisfy the celebrated Theorems A and B of Cartan. The author calls such spaces Liu spaces, in honor of the paper [\textit{Q. Liu}, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris, Sér. I 307, No. 2, 83--86 (1988; Zbl 0682.14012)] where this class of spaces first appeared. He also introduces a relative version of this concept via the notion of Liu morphisms. The author shows that the resulting class of spaces and morphisms behaves very similarly to affine spaces and affine morphisms of algebraic geometry. Remarkably, he shows that for a separated analytic space \(X\) there is a relative spectrum construction that realizes a duality between the category of Liu spaces over \(X\) and the category of analytic quasi-coherent sheaves of Liu algebras over \(X\). This construction is very interesting because there is no general well-behaved notion of quasi-coherent sheaf on analytic spaces, not even for complex analytic spaces, and recent works (see [\textit{F. Bambozzi} and \textit{K. Kremnizer}, ``On the Sheafyness Property of Spectra of Banach Rings, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2009.13926}; \textit{O. Ben-Bassat} and \textit{K. Kremnizer}, Ann. Fac. Sci. Toulouse, Math. (6) 26, No. 1, 49--126 (2017; Zbl 1401.14128)], and Clausen and Scholze work on condensed mathematics) have so far provided only the correct notion of derived quasi-coherent sheaf. The author is able to show that the transversality property of sheaves of Liu algebras yields derived quasi-coherent sheaves that are concentrated in degree \(0\), showing that the relative spectrum construction works without the need for derived geometry in this case. The paper ends with the study of quasi-Liu morphisms which are the analytic analog of quasi-affine morphisms of algebraic geometry.

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