Structure of Gibbs measure for planar FK-percolation and Potts models

DOI10.2140/PMP.2023.4.209zbMATH Open1515.60309arXiv2106.02403OpenAlexW4378901020MaRDI QIDQ6168064FDOQ6168064

Authors: Alexander Glazman, Ioan Manolescu 

Publication date: 10 July 2023

Published in: Probability and Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We prove that all Gibbs measures of the $q$-state Potts model on $mathbb{Z}^2$ are linear combinations of the extremal measures obtained as thermodynamic limits under free or monochromatic boundary conditions. In particular all Gibbs measures are invariant under translations. This statement is new at points of first-order phase transition, that is at $T=T_c(q)$ when $q>4$. In this case the structure of Gibbs measures is the most complex in the sense that there exist $q+1$ distinct extremal measures. Most of the work is devoted to the FK-percolation model on $mathbb{Z}^2$ with $qgeq1$, where we prove that every Gibbs measure is a linear combination of the free and wired ones. The arguments are non-quantitative and follow the spirit of the seminal works of Aizenman and Higuchi, which established the Gibbs structure for the two-dimensional Ising model. Infinite-range dependencies in FK-percolation (i.e., a weaker spatial Markov property) pose serious additional difficulties compared to the case of the Ising model. For example, it is not automatic, albeit true, that thermodynamic limits are Gibbs. The result for the Potts model is then derived using the Edwards-Sokal coupling and auto-duality. The latter ingredient is necessary since applying the Edwards-Sokal procedure to a Gibbs measure for the Potts model does not automatically produce a Gibbs measure for FK-percolation. Finally, the proof is generic enough to adapt to the FK-percolation and Potts models on the triangular and hexagonal lattices and to the loop $O(n)$ model in the range of parameters for which its spin representation is positively associated.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/2106.02403

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zbMATH Keywords

phase transitionpercolationPotts modelGibbs measurerandom-cluster modelcorrelation inequality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Interacting random processes; statistical mechanics type models; percolation theory (60K35) Lattice systems (Ising, dimer, Potts, etc.) and systems on graphs arising in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B20) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26)

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Cited In (2)

• Percolation and ferromagnetism on \(\mathbb Z^ 2\): the \(q\)-state Potts cases
• On the transition between the disordered and antiferroelectric phases of the 6-vertex model

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