Bessel pairs and optimal Hardy and Hardy-Rellich inequalities

DOI10.1007/S00208-010-0510-XMaRDI QIDQ617355zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Nassif Ghoussoub, Amir Moradifam

Publication date 21 January 2011

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0709.1954

zbMATH Keywords

Hardy inequalityHardy-Rellich inequality

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Bessel and Airy functions, cylinder functions, ({}_0F_1) (33C10) Variational methods for second-order elliptic equations (35J20) Methods of ordinary differential equations applied to PDEs (35A24)

Abstract: We give necessary and sufficient conditions on a pair of positive radial functions V and W on a ball B of radius R in R^n,$ngeq1$, so that the following inequalities hold for all $uin{C}_0^{infty}(B)$: $in{t}_{B}V(x)|ablau{|}^{2}dxgeqin{t}_{B}W(x)u^{2}dx$, and $in{t}_{B}V(x)|Deltau{|}^{2}dxgeqin{t}_{B}W(x)|ablau{|}^{2}dx+(n-1)in{t}_B(fracV(x)|x{|}^2-frac{V}_r(|x|)|x|)|ablau{|}^{2}dx$. This characterization makes a very useful connection between Hardy-type inequalities and the oscillatory behaviour of certain ordinary differential equations, and helps in the identification of a large number of such couples (V, W) - that we call Bessel pairs -as well as the best constants in the corresponding inequalities. This allows us to improve, extend, and unify many results -old and new- about Hardy and Hardy-Rellich type inequalities, such as those obtained by Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg, Brezis-Vazquez, Wang-Willem, Adimurthi-Chaudhuri-Ramaswamy, Filippas-Tertikas, Adimurthi-Grossi -Santra, Tertikas-Zographopoulos, and Blanchet-Bonforte-Dolbeault-Grillo-Vasquez.

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