On the cohomology of a simple normal crossings divisor

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2010.07.023MaRDI QIDQ619022zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Parsa Bakhtary

Publication date 21 January 2011

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0811.2246

zbMATH Keywords

cohomology dual complex Hodge decomposition normal crossings rational singularities toric varieties

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Transcendental methods, Hodge theory (algebro-geometric aspects) (14C30)

Abstract: We establish a formula which decomposes the cohomologies of various sheaves on a simple normal crossings divisor (SNC)

D

in terms of the simplicial cohomologies of the dual complex

D e l t a (D)

with coefficients in a presheaf of vector spaces. This presheaf consists precisely of the corresponding cohomology data on the components of

D

and on their intersections. We use this formula to give a Hodge decomposition for SNC divisors and investigate the toric setting. We also conjecture the existence of such a formula for effective non-reduced divisors with SNC support, and show that this would imply the vanishing of the higher simplicial cohomologies of the dual complex associated to a resolution of an isolated rational singularity.

Review text

The author studies cohomologies of various sheaves on an SNC divisor. Let \(X\) be a Kähler manifold and \(D=\Sigma D_i\) an SNC divisor. The main theorem provides a decomposition for the deRham cohomology \(H^q_{\mathrm{dR}}(D,\cdot)\) and the cohomology \(H^i(D,\tilde\Omega^r_D)\) of the sheaf of reduced holomorphic \(r\)-forms on \(D\). The decomposition is obtained in terms of cohomologies of presheaves on the dual complex \(\Delta(D)\). The vertices of \(\Delta(D)\) correspond to irreducible components \(D_i\). Consider the most important case, when all intersections of \(D_i\) are irreducible. A simplex belongs to a complex \(\Delta(D)\) iff the intersection of the components corresponding to its vertices is nonempty. On such a simplicial complex one can consider a presheaf of vector spaces. This is a \textit{covariant} functor from the category where objects are simplices of \(\Delta(D)\) and morphisms are inclusions to the category of vector spaces. For such a presheaf one can consider the cohomology using Čech complex. The two most important presheaves on \(\Delta(D)\) that the author considers are: {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[1.] \(\mathcal{H}^q_{\mathrm{dR}}(\cdot)\) that assigns to a simplex \(\Delta_{i_0,\dots,i_p}\) the vector space \(H^q_{\mathrm{dR}}(D_{i_0}\cap\dots \cap D_{i_p},\cdot)\), \item[2.] \(\mathcal{H}^q(\Omega^r)\) that assigns to a simplex \(\Delta_{i_0,\dots,i_p}\) the vector space \(H^q(D_{i_0}\cap\dots \cap D_{i_p},\Omega^r_{D_{i_0}\cap\dots \cap D_{i_p}})\). \end{itemize}} Using this notation for a Kähler manifold \(X\) and an SNC divisor \(D\) the author proves that \[ H^i_{\mathrm{dR}}(D,\cdot)=\bigoplus_{p+q=i}H^p(\Delta(D),\mathcal{H}^q_{\mathrm{dR}}(\cdot)), \] \[ H^i(D,\tilde\Omega^r_D)=\bigoplus_{p+q=i}H^p(\Delta(D),\mathcal{H}^q(\Omega^r)). \] The second equality for \(r=0\) is also conjectured to hold for an effective, nonreduced divisor \(D\) with SNC support. As an application the author recovers the Hodge decomposition for SNC divisor on a Kähler manifold. For smooth, projective toric varieties the author proves the connection between cohomologies of the sheaf \(\mathcal{O}_D\) and cohomologies of the complex \(\Delta(D)\). This is a special case of a known method, although not mentioned by the author -- see for example \textit{L. Borisov} and \textit{Z. Hua} [Adv. Math. 221, No. 1, 277--301 (2009; Zbl 1210.14006), Proposition 4.1]. Further interesting, but mostly conjectural results concern the structure of the complex \(\Delta\) for a resolution of an isolated rational singularity. These are related to the work of \textit{D. A. Stepanov} [Usp. Mat. Nauk 61, No. 1, 185--186 (2006; Zbl 1134.14302); Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 136, No. 8, 2647--2654 (2008; Zbl 1144.14002)].

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