Survival, extinction and approximation of discrete-time branching random walks
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Abstract: We consider a general discrete-time branching random walk on a countable set X. We relate local, strong local and global survival with suitable inequalities involving the first-moment matrix M of the process. In particular we prove that, while the local behavior is characterized by M, the global behavior cannot be completely described in terms of properties involving M alone. Moreover we show that locally surviving branching random walks can be approximated by sequences of spatially confined and stochastically dominated branching random walks which eventually survive locally if the (possibly finite) state space is large enough. An analogous result can be achieved by approximating a branching random walk by a sequence of multitype contact processes and allowing a sufficiently large number of particles per site. We compare these results with the ones obtained in the continuous-time case and we give some examples and counterexamples.
The paper deals with a generalization of the multitype Galton-Watson branching process defined on countable sets, and three problems are successively addressed. To find conditions for the local or the global survival of the process, to discuss the spatial approximation, and to study the approximation by using truncated branching random walks. Local survival is completely characterized by means of the first-moment matrix of the process, what is not true for the global survival which is better described by means of an infinite-dimensional generating function associated with the random walk. Some results are obtained by comparing the considered process with a suitable oriented percolation. The similarities and discrepancies between discrete-time branching random walks and continuous-time branching random walks are illustrated by some examples.
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