Abstract: We study the nodal sets of eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on the standard d-dimensional flat torus. The question we address is: Can a fixed hypersurface lie on the nodal sets of eigenfunctions with arbitrarily large eigenvalue? In dimension two, we show that this happens only for segments of closed geodesics. In higher dimensions, certain cylindrical sets do lie on nodal sets corresponding to arbitrarily large eigenvalues. Our main result is that this cannot happen for hypersurfaces with nonzero Gauss-Kronecker curvature. In dimension two, the result follows from a uniform lower bound for the L^2-norm of the restriction of eigenfunctions to the curve, proved in an earlier paper. In high dimensions we currently do not have this bound. Instead, we make use of the real-analytic nature of the flat torus to study variations on this bound for restrictions of eigenfunctions to suitable submanifolds in the complex domain. In all of our results, we need an arithmetic ingredient concerning the cluster structure of lattice points on the sphere. We also present an independent proof for the two-dimensional case relying on the "abc-theorem" in function fields.
The aim of the paper is to investigate how the nodal sets of the eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on the standard flat torus \(T^d=\mathbb R^d/\mathbb Z^d\) vary when the eigenvalue increases. Specifically, the problem whether a given hypersurface can lie on infinitely many nodal sets is studied. It is shown for \(d=2\) that this holds true only for segments of closed geodesics. The main result of the paper proves that in higher dimensions a hypersurface with nowhere zero Gauss-Kronecker curvature cannot lie within the nodal set of any eigenfunction corresponding to a sufficiently large eigenvalue. Relevant geometric constructions are presented in the proofs and the appendix.
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