Hausdorff limits of external rays: the topological picture
Hausdorff limits of external rays: the topological picture (scientific article; zbMATH DE number 7862384)
connected Julia setexternal rayHausdorff limitheteroclinic archomoclinic arcparabolic basinparabolic periodic pointrepelling periodic point
Functional equations in the complex plane, iteration and composition of analytic functions of one complex variable (30D05) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10) Combinatorics and topology in relation with holomorphic dynamical systems (37F20) Geometric limits in holomorphic dynamics (37F40)
Let \(P\) be a polynomial with connected Julia set. Let \(\phi\) be the conformal map from the exterior of the unit disk to the exterior of the Julia set of \(P\). An \textit{external ray} is the image of a ray \(\{\mathrm{Re}^{i\theta}\colon r>1\}\) unter \(\phi\). It is known that if an external ray \(R\) is periodic, then it \textit{lands} at a periodic point; that is, \(\zeta:=\lim_{r\to 1} \phi(\mathrm{Re}^{i\theta})\) exists and is periodic. Put \(\overline{R}:=R\cup\{\zeta,\infty\}\).\N\NLet now \((P_n)\) be a sequence of polynomials (of the same degree as \(P\)) which converges to \(P\). Suppose that the Julia sets of the \(P_n\) and of \(P\) are connected. Let \(R\), \(\overline{R}\) and \(\zeta\) be as above and let \(R_n\), \(\overline{R_n}\) and \(\zeta_n\) be the corresponding quantities for \(P_n\). Passing to a subsequence one may assume that the limits \(\zeta_\infty:=\lim_{n\to\infty} \zeta_n\) and \({\mathcal L}:=\lim_{n\to\infty} \overline{R_n}\) exist, where the latter limit is taken with respect to the Hausdorff metric on the Riemann sphere. It is known that if \(\zeta\) is repelling, then \({\mathcal L}=\overline{R}\). But if \(\zeta\) is parabolic, then \({\mathcal L}\) may be strictly larger than \(\overline{R}\). In this paper, the authors study the set \({\mathcal L}\) in detail. They call the case \({\mathcal L}=\overline{R}\) the tame case, the case \({\mathcal L}\supsetneq\overline{R}\) and \(\zeta=\zeta_\infty\) the semiwild case, and the case \({\mathcal L}\supsetneq\overline{R}\) and \(\zeta\neq\zeta_\infty\) the wild case.
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