Predator-prey model with sigmoid functional response

Topological structure of integral curves, singular points, limit cycles of ordinary differential equations (34C05) Bifurcation theory for ordinary differential equations (34C23) Homoclinic and heteroclinic solutions to ordinary differential equations (34C37) Qualitative investigation and simulation of ordinary differential equation models (34C60) Stability of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34D20) Singular perturbations for ordinary differential equations (34E15) Canard solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E17) Population dynamics (general) (92D25)

Review text

The authors study a classical predator-prey model [\textit{J. L. Jost} et al., J. Theor. Biol. 41, 461--484 (1973)] with sigmoid functional response under the assumption that the denominator in the response function has two distinct real roots. They report on a variety of dynamical phenomena which include global stability of equilibria, the existence of heteroclinic and homoclinic loops, and canard explosion via relaxation oscillation [\textit{M. Krupa} and \textit{P. Szmolyan}, J. Differ. Equations 174(2), 312--368 (2001; Zbl 0994.34032)] or to a homoclinic loop; notably, they argue that the latter is a novel and hitherto unreported phenomenon. Their analysis relies mostly on the geometric singular perturbation theory due to \textit{N. Fenichel} [J. Differ. Equations 31, 53--98 (1979; Zbl 0476.34034)], in particular in their description of heteroclinic connections between the underlying singularities [\textit{X. Chen} and \textit{X. Zhang}, Stud. Appl. Math. 147(1), 300--318 (2021; Zbl 1482.92062)]. Finally, the authors' results are verified and illustrated numerically in the various scenarios considered by them.

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