Abelian groups with C2

Mixed groups (20K21) Direct sums, direct products, etc. for abelian groups (20K25) Automorphisms, homomorphisms, endomorphisms, etc. for abelian groups (20K30)

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A module \(M\) is called a \(C2\)-module if, whenever \(A\) and \(B\) are submodules of \(M\) with \(A \cong B\) and \(B\) is a direct summand of \(M\), then \(A\) is also a direct summand of \(M\). The goal of the paper under review is to characterize, as comprehensively as possible, the classes of \(C2\) abelian groups.\N\NThroughout this review, all groups are assumed to be abelian. The authors define an abelian group as \textit{homococyclic} if it is the direct sum of copies of a single cocyclic group.\N\NThe main results are as follows:\N\N\begin{itemize}\N \item[(A)] A torsion-free group is \(C2\) if and only if it is divisible.\N \item[(B)] A torsion group is \(C2\) if and only if its \(p\)-components are homococyclic or divisible.\N \item[(C)] If \(p\) is a prime, then \(G\) is a \(C2\) group if and only if \(G = T_p \oplus G_p\), where \(T_p\) is homococyclic and \(G_p\) is a \(p\)-automorphic \(C2\) group.\N \item[(D)] Let \(E\) be the maximum divisible subgroup of \(T(G)\). Then \(G\) is \(C2\) if and only if \(G\) is a direct sum \(E \oplus H\), where \(H\) is an \(E\)-automorphic \(C2\) group.\N \item[(E)] If \(G\) is torsion-reduced and \(G = H \oplus D(G)\), then \(G\) is \(C2\) if and only if \(H\) is \(C2\).\N \item[(F)] Suppose \(G\) is a reduced group such that \(T_p\) is finite for all primes \(p\) and \(G/T(G)\) is divisible. Then:\N \begin{itemize}\N \item[(a)] if \(G/T(G)\) has finite rank, \(G\) is co-Hopfian,\N \item[(b)] if \(G\) is \(C2\), then \(G\) is co-Hopfian.\N \end{itemize}\N \item[(G)] If \(G\) is reduced, \(G/T(G)\) is divisible and \(T_p\) is cyclic for all primes \(p\), then \(G\) is \(C2\) if and only if it is co-Hopfian.\N \item[(H)] If the reduced group \(G\) has cyclic \(p\)-torsion for all primes \(p\) and \(G/T(G)\) is divisible with finite rank, then \(G\) is \(C2\). Examples demonstrate that both hypotheses are necessary.\N\end{itemize}

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