Every P-convex subset of R^2 is already strongly P-convex

DOI10.1007/S00209-010-0765-7MaRDI QIDQ658324zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Thomas Kalmes

Publication date 12 January 2012

Published in Mathematische Zeitschrift (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/0907.3037

zbMATH Keywords

propagation of regularityTreves' conjecture

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Wave front sets in context of PDEs (35A18) Singularity in context of PDEs (35A21) Convexity properties of solutions to PDEs with constant coefficients (35E10) General theory of PDEs and systems of PDEs with constant coefficients (35E20)

Abstract: A classical result of Malgrange says that for a polynomial P and an open subset $Omega$ of $R^d$ the differential operator $P(D)$ is surjective on $C^{i}nfty(Omega)$ if and only if $Omega$ is P-convex. H"ormander showed that $P(D)$ is surjective as an operator on $mathscr{D}^{\prime }(Omega)$ if and only if $Omega$ is strongly P-convex. It is well known that the natural question whether these two notions coincide has to be answered in the negative in general. However, Tr`eves conjectured that in the case of d=2 P-convexity and strong P-convexity are equivalent. A proof of this conjecture is given in this note.

Review text

Let \(P(D)\) be a partial differential operator with constant coefficients in \(n\) variables and let \(\Omega\subset \mathbb{R}^n\). It is well known that surjectivity of \(P(D)\) on \(C^\infty(\Omega)\) (i.e. \(P\)-convexity of \(\Omega\)) does not imply surjectivity of \(P(D)\) on the distributions \(D'(\Omega)\) (i.e. strong \(P\)-convexity of \(\Omega\)) in general while the inverse implication is always true. By a conjecture of Treves both convexity conditions should be equivalent if \(n=2\). This longstanding conjecture is proved in the present paper. The proof is based on a careful study of the extension of regularity for solutions of \(P(D)\) in cones using Hörmander's theory based on the function \(\sigma_P\) which can be calculated using the localizations of \(P\) at infinity. Since the principle part \(P_m\) of a polynomial \(P\) in two variables has only finitely many zeros on the real unit sphere, one can show that each vector \(y\in \mathbb{R}^2\) with \(\sigma(y)=0\) is characteristic if \(n=2\). Using Hörmander's geometric description of \(P\)-convexity and its analogue for strong \(P\)-convexity the proof of Treves' conjecture is obtained.

Recommendations

• Notes on \(L(D)\)-convex sets
• Surjectivity of differential operators and linear topological invariants for spaces of zero solutions
• Surjectivity of partial differential operators on ultradistributions of Beurling type in two dimensions
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 509941
• Surjectivity of Partial Differential Operators on Gevrey Classes and Extension of Regularity

Cites work

• Existence et approximation des solutions des équations aux dérivées partielles et des équations de convolution
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3263493 (Why is no real title available?)
• On the range of convolution operators
• Some results on surjectivity of augmented semi-elliptic differential operators

Cited in

(10)

• Characterization of P-convexity for supports in terms of tangent curves
• An approximation theorem of Runge type for kernels of certain non-elliptic partial differential operators
• Linear topological invariants for kernels of convolution and differential operators
• The augmented operator of a surjective partial differential operator with constant coefficients need not be surjective
• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3873808 (Why is no real title available?)
• Topological properties of kernels of partial differential operators
• A homological approach to the splitting theory of \(\mathrm{PLS}_{\mathrm{w}}\) spaces
• Some results on surjectivity of augmented differential operators
• Surjectivity of differential operators and linear topological invariants for spaces of zero solutions
• A theorem on homogeneous differential polynomials in R^ 2

This page was built for publication: Every \(P\)-convex subset of \({\mathbb{R}^2}\) is already strongly \(P\)-convex

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q658324)