Topological properties of kernels of partial differential operators

DOI10.1216/RMJ-2014-44-3-1037MaRDI QIDQ457961zbMATH OpenFDO

Publication date 30 September 2014

Published in Rocky Mountain Journal of Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.rmjm/1411945679

constant coefficient partial differential operator homological methods ultrabornological subspace

General theory of PDEs and systems of PDEs with constant coefficients (35E20) Barrelled spaces, bornological spaces (46A08) Homological methods in functional analysis (exact sequences, right inverses, lifting, etc.) (46M18)

Review text

Let \( \Omega \subset \mathbb R^n \) be open and let \( P(\partial) : \mathcal D'(\Omega) \to \mathcal D'(\Omega) \) be a partial differential operator with constant coefficients. The paper gives analytic conditions for \( \mathcal D'_P(\Omega) := \ker P(\partial) \) to be ultrabornological. A~known result in that direction is that, if~\(P(\partial)\) is hypoelliptic, then \( \mathcal D'_P(\Omega) \) is ultrabornological, since by a result of Malgrange in this case the kernel \( \mathcal D'_P(\Omega) \) is a Fréchet space [\textit{B. Malgrange}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 6, 271--355 (1955/56; Zbl 0071.09002)]. In Section~2, the author gives an alternative proof of Malgrange's result, using homological methods in the sense of \textit{V. P. Palamodov} [Russ. Math. Surv. 26(1971), No. 1, 1--64 (1972); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 26, No. 1(157), 3--65 (1971; Zbl 0247.46070)]. These methods were later refined in several papers, most notably by \textit{D. Vogt} [in: Advances in the theory of Fréchet spaces, Proc. NATO Adv. Res. Workshop, Istanbul/Turkey 1988, NATO ASI Ser., Ser. C 287, 11--27 (1989; Zbl 0711.46006)] and \textit{J. Wengenroth} [Derived functors in functional analysis. Berlin: Springer (2003; Zbl 1031.46001)]. The use of homological methods is also the general theme of the other proofs in the paper.NEWLINENEWLINEIn Section~3, the following is shown: If \( P(\partial) : \mathcal E(\Omega) \to \mathcal E(\Omega) \) is surjective, then \( \mathcal D'_P(\Omega) \) is ultrabornological if and only if \( P(\partial) : \mathcal D'(\Omega) \to \mathcal D'(\Omega) \) is surjective.NEWLINENEWLINEThe most analytic of the results of Section~4 states that \( \mathcal D'_P(\Omega) \) is ultrabornological provided \( \mathcal E(\Omega) \cap P(\partial) (\mathcal D'(\Omega)) = P(\partial) (\mathcal E(\Omega)) \) and the operator \( \mathcal D'(\Omega) \times \mathcal E(\Omega) \to \mathcal D'(\Omega) \), \( (u, f) \mapsto P(\partial)u - f \), is surjective.

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