Characterization of surjective partial differential operators on spaces of real analytic functions
This important article addresses the following problem: Let \(P(D)\) be a linear partial differential operator with constant coefficients, let \(\Omega\) be an open subset of \(\mathbb R^n\) and let \(A(\Omega)\) denote the space of all complex valued real analytic functions on \(\Omega\). When is the operator \(P(D):A(\Omega) \rightarrow A(\Omega)\) surjective? The first counterexample to the surjectivity of \(P(D)\) was due to Piccinini, who confirmed in 1973 a conjecture of De Giorgi and Cattabriga showing that the heat equation is not surjective on \(A(\mathbb R^3)\). \textit{L. Hörmander}, in his seminal paper [Invent. Math. 21, 151--183 (1973; Zbl 0282.35015)], characterized the surjectivity of \(P(D)\) on \(A(\Omega)\), when \(\Omega\) is convex, by means of a Phragmén-Lindelöf condition on the complex zero variety of the polynomial \(P(z)\). Several authors, like Miwa, Andreotti, Nacinovich, Zampieri and Braun, have followed the point of view of Hörmander. However, this approach is restricted to convex sets \(\Omega\) by the use of the Fourier Laplace transform. With a different approach, which used hyperfunctions and good elementary solutions for \(P(D)\), Kawai in 1972 and Kaneko in 1985 showed that locally hyperbolic operators \(P(D)\) are surjective on certain not necessarily convex subsets of \(\mathbb R^n\). A similar idea was used by Anderson in 1972 to show that locally hyperbolic operators are surjective on \(A(\mathbb R^n)\). In the present paper the author uses the theory of the derived functors of the functor Proj, as developed by Palamodov, and more recently by Vogt and Wengenroth. The theory of the vanishing of the derived functor Proj\(^1\) is an abstract version of the Mittag-Leffler procedure, and of Hörmander's point of view for the surjectivity of \(P(D)\) on \(A(\Omega)\). The author shows in section 1 a strong surjectivity criterion for exact sequences of projective (DFS)-spectra, which improves recent results by \textit{R. Braun} and \textit{D. Vogt} [Mich. Math. J. 44, No. 1, 149--156 (1997; Zbl 0901.46062)], and by \textit{L. Frerick} and \textit{J. Wengenroth} [Arch. Math. 67, No. 4, 296--301 (1996; Zbl 0859.46046)]. This criterion is used in the proof of the main result: The operator \(P(D)\) is surjective on \(A(\Omega)\) if and only if for every relatively compact open subset \(\omega \subset \Omega\), \(P(D)\) admits shifted hyperfunctions elementary solutions on \(\Omega\) which are real analytic on \(\omega\), and if the equation \(P(D)f=g\) can be solved on \(\omega\) for each right hand side \(g \in A(\Omega)\). The latter condition is redundant if the elementary solutions are defined on the convex hull of \(\Omega\). The role of special elementary solutions, with big lacunas in that case, already appeared in Meise, Taylor and Vogt characterization of the operators \(P(D)\) which admit a continuous linear right inverse in the space \(D'(\Omega)\) of distributions on \(\Omega\). Grothendieck-Tillmann duality also plays a role in the present proof. We refer the reader to the article for more details or other equivalent formulations. A consequence about operators with locally hyperbolic principal part is included. Many interesting examples and a clear comparison with the existing literature is presented too. The present research has been continued by the author in [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 297, 696--719 (2004; Zbl 1059.35025)] proving for example that \(P(D)\) is surjective on \(A(\mathbb R^n)\) is it is surjective on \(A(\Omega)\) for some non empty open subset \(\Omega\) of \(\mathbb R^n\).
- Surjective partial differential operators on real analytic functions defined on a halfspace
- Surjective partial differential operators on real analytic functions defined on open convex sets
- Inheritance of surjectivity for partial differential operators on spaces of real analytic functions
- Localizations of partial differential operators and surjectivity on real analytic functions
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1094615
- On surjectivity of the convolution operator in spaces of analytic functions
- A surjectivity theorem for differential operators on spaces of regular functions
- Surjective partial differential operators on spaces of ultradifferentiable functions of Roumieu type
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 222536
- Surjectivity of Euler type differential operators on spaces of smooth functions
- A sharp sufficient geometric condition for the existence of global real analytic solutions on a bounded domain
- Surjective partial differential operators on real analytic functions defined on open convex sets
- Splitting and parameter dependence in the category of \(\mathrm{PLH}\) spaces
- The surjectivity of a constant coefficient homogeneous differential operator in the real analytic functions and the geometry of its symbol
- Inheritance of surjectivity for partial differential operators on spaces of real analytic functions
- Surjective partial differential operators on spaces of ultradifferentiable functions of Roumieu type
- Surjectivity of differential operators and the division problem in certain function and distribution spaces
- Some results on surjectivity of augmented semi-elliptic differential operators
- Real analytic parameter dependence of solutions of differential equations over Roumieu classes
- Power bounded composition operators on spaces of analytic functions
- Characterization of splitting for Fréchet--Hilbert spaces via interpolation
- Interpolation of holomorphic functions and surjectivity of Taylor coefficient multipliers
- Analytic solutions of P. D. E. 's
- Convolution operators on spaces of real analytic functions
- Right inverses for P(D) in spaces of real analytic functions
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 495716 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1064365 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 1094615 (Why is no real title available?)
- The geometry of analytic varieties satisfying the local Phragmén-Lindelöf condition and a geometric characterization of the partial differential operators that are surjective on $\mathcal \{A\}(\mathbb \{R\}^4)$
- Localizations of partial differential operators and surjectivity on real analytic functions
- Topological properties of kernels of partial differential operators
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 202556 (Why is no real title available?)
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 891186 (Why is no real title available?)
- Surjectivity of Euler type differential operators on spaces of smooth functions
- Surjective partial differential operators on real analytic functions defined on a halfspace
- Some considerations of functional analysis for analytic convexity
- A surjectivity theorem for differential operators on spaces of regular functions
- On the splitting relation for Fréchet-Hilbert spaces
- scientific article; zbMATH DE number 2214534 (Why is no real title available?)
- Some results on surjectivity of augmented differential operators
- Linear topological invariants for kernels of differential operators by shifted fundamental solutions
- Parameter dependence of solutions of differential equations on spaces of distributions and the splitting of short exact sequences
- Hadamard type operators on spaces of real analytic functions in several variables
This page was built for publication: Characterization of surjective partial differential operators on spaces of real analytic functions
Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q4811157)
