Self-similar blow-up solutions in the generalised Korteweg-de Vries equation: spectral analysis, normal form and asymptotics
Perturbations, asymptotics of solutions to ordinary differential equations (34E10) Singular perturbations, turning point theory, WKB methods for ordinary differential equations (34E20) Symmetries, invariants, etc. in context of PDEs (35B06) Bifurcations in context of PDEs (35B32) Blow-up in context of PDEs (35B44) Self-similar solutions to PDEs (35C06) KdV equations (Korteweg-de Vries equations) (35Q53) Normal forms for dynamical systems (37G05) Normal forms, center manifold theory, bifurcation theory for infinite-dimensional dissipative dynamical systems (37L10) Eigenvalue problems for linear operators (47A75) Finite difference methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M06) Finite volume methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M08) Finite volume methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N08)
In this paper, the authors study the generalized Korteweg-de Vries equation (gKdV):\N\[\Nu_t = - u_{xxx} - (u^p)_x\tag{1}\N\]\Nwhere the exponent \(p \geq 2\) governs the behavior of solutions that exhibit self-similar blow-up in finite time.\NIt is known that (1) has travelling wave solutions given by the expression\N\[\Nu(x,t) = \left(\frac {c(p+1)}2\right)^{\frac 1{p-1}} \text{sech}^{\frac 2{p-1}} \left(\frac {\sqrt{c}(p-1)}2\xi\right).\tag{2}\N\]\Nwhere \(\xi = x-ct\) and \(c\) denotes the wave speed. The solution (2) with \(c=1\) is known to be linearly unstable for \(p \geq 5\). Furthermore, it is known that blow-up in finite time is possible when \(p > 5\).\NA number of authors have used numerical methods to investigate blow-up solutions of (1). Recently, research has involved self-similar blow-up solutions in the supercritical case, \(p > 5\).\N\NIn this paper, the authors continue this work by focusing on the construction of self-similar blow-up solutions of (1) for \(p > 5\), specifically investigating the spectral stability and investigating the bifurcation that the travelling wave solution (2) undergoes at the critical point \(p=5\). Their work uses a renormalization technique, leading to a renormalized gKdV equation\N\[\Nw_\tau = - w_{\xi\xi\xi} - (w^p)_\xi + G\left(\frac {2w}{p-1}+\xi w_\xi\right) + w_\xi.\tag{3}\N\]\NThe authors then investigate self-similar blow-up solutions of (1) by studying steady-state solutions of (3).
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