The Fourier transform on the group GL₂(R) and the action of the overalgebra gl₄

Representations of Lie and linear algebraic groups over real fields: analytic methods (22E45) Fourier and Fourier-Stieltjes transforms on nonabelian groups and on semigroups, etc. (43A30)

Abstract: We define a kind of 'operational calculus' for

G L_{2} (R)

. Namely, the group

G L_{2} (R)

can be regarded as an open dense chart in the Grassmannian of 2-dimensional subspaces in

R^{4}

. Therefore the group

G L_{4} (R)

acts in

L^{2}

on

G L_{2} (R)

. We transfer the corresponding action of the Lie algebra

g l_{4}

to the Plancherel decomposition of

G L_{2} (R)

, the Lie algebra acts by differential-difference operators with shifts in an imaginary direction. We also write similar formulas for the action of

g l_{4} o p l u s g l_{4}

in the Plancherel decomposition of

G L_{2} (C)

Review text

Let \(\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})\) be the group of invertible real matrices of order \(n\). The group \(\mathrm{GL}_4(\mathbb{R})\) acts on the algebra \(\mathrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})\) of all \(2\times 2\) real matrices such that on a particular open chart it is expressed by linear-fractional transformations: \[ \begin{pmatrix} A&B\\C&D \end{pmatrix}: X \mapsto (A+XC)^{-1}(B+XD), \] where \(X\in \mathrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})\) and \(\begin{pmatrix} A&B\\C&D \end{pmatrix}\) is an element of \(\mathrm{GL}_4 (\mathbb{R})\) written as a block matrix of size \(2 \times 2\). This action can be linearised to a unitary representation \(U_\sigma\) of \(\mathrm{GL}_4(\mathbb{R})\) in the space \(L_2(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R}))\) of square-summable functions on the group \(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})\). Let \(\Lambda_t\) be the subset of the unitary dual object \(\widehat{\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})}\) of the group \(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})\) consisting of unitary discrete and principal series representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})\). Then the non-commutative Fourier transform is a unitary map of \(L_2(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R}))\) to the space \(L_2(\Lambda_t)\), since \(\Lambda_t\) is the support of the Plancherel measure in \(\widehat{\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})}\). Thereafter, the non-commutative Fourier transform is the intertwining operator of the above representation \(U_\sigma\) with some representation \(\hat{U}_\sigma \) of \(\mathrm{GL}_4(\mathbb{R})\) on \(L_2(\Lambda_t)\). The paper under review calculates the explicit formulae for the derived representation of \(\hat{U}_\sigma \) for generators of the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{gl}_4\). The derived representation is a mixture of differential operators with shifts on the set \(\Lambda_t\). The respective calculations are also provided for the complexified group \(\mathrm{GL}_4(\mathbb{C})\).

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