The Fourier transform on the group \(\mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{R})\) and the action of the overalgebra \(\mathfrak{gl}_4\) (Q666648)

Let \(\mathrm{GL}_n(\mathbb{R})\) be the group of invertible real matrices of order \(n\). The group \(\mathrm{GL}_4(\mathbb{R})\) acts on the algebra \(\mathrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})\) of all \(2\times 2\) real matrices such that on a particular open chart it is expressed by linear-fractional transformations: \[ \begin{pmatrix} A&B\\C&D \end{pmatrix}: X \mapsto (A+XC)^{-1}(B+XD), \] where \(X\in \mathrm{Mat}_2(\mathbb{R})\) and \(\begin{pmatrix} A&B\\C&D \end{pmatrix}\) is an element of \(\mathrm{GL}_4 (\mathbb{R})\) written as a block matrix of size \(2 \times 2\). This action can be linearised to a unitary representation \(U_\sigma\) of \(\mathrm{GL}_4(\mathbb{R})\) in the space \(L_2(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R}))\) of square-summable functions on the group \(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})\). Let \(\Lambda_t\) be the subset of the unitary dual object \(\widehat{\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})}\) of the group \(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})\) consisting of unitary discrete and principal series representations of \(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})\). Then the non-commutative Fourier transform is a unitary map of \(L_2(\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R}))\) to the space \(L_2(\Lambda_t)\), since \(\Lambda_t\) is the support of the Plancherel measure in \(\widehat{\mathrm{GL}_2 (\mathbb{R})}\). Thereafter, the non-commutative Fourier transform is the intertwining operator of the above representation \(U_\sigma\) with some representation \(\hat{U}_\sigma \) of \(\mathrm{GL}_4(\mathbb{R})\) on \(L_2(\Lambda_t)\). The paper under review calculates the explicit formulae for the derived representation of \(\hat{U}_\sigma \) for generators of the Lie algebra \(\mathfrak{gl}_4\). The derived representation is a mixture of differential operators with shifts on the set \(\Lambda_t\). The respective calculations are also provided for the complexified group \(\mathrm{GL}_4(\mathbb{C})\).