Pointwise ergodic theorems for radial averages on simple Lie groups. II

DOI10.1215/S0012-7094-97-08607-5MaRDI QIDQ677548zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 31 August 1997

Published in Duke Mathematical Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1215/s0012-7094-97-08607-5

convolution convolution algebra local ergodic theorem Markov operator orientation-preserving isometries pointwise ergodic family probability measure real hyperbolic space simple Lie groups

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Ergodic theory on groups (22D40) Harmonic analysis and spherical functions (43A90)

Review text

The present paper is a continuation of Part I [ibid. 76, 113-140 (1994; Zbl 0838.43013)], and we begin by briefly recalling the setup and the notation: -- \(G=G_n= SO^0 (n,1)\) is the group of orientation-preserving isometries of \(n\)-dimensional real hyperbolic space \(H^n\), \(n\geq 2\). -- \(K=\) a fixed maximal compact subgroup. \(m_K=\) Haar probability measure. -- \(A= \{a_t|t\in\mathbb{R}\}=\) a one-parameter group of hyperbolic translations such that \(G=KA_+K\) is a Cartan decomposition. -- \(\sigma_t=\) the bi-\(K\)-invariant probability measure on \(G\) given by \(\sigma_t= m_K* \delta_{a_t}* m_K\), where \(*\) denotes convolution. Note that \(\sigma_0=m_K\). -- \(\mu_t= 1/t\int^t_0 \sigma_sds\), the uniform average of \(\sigma_s\), \(0\leq s\leq t\). We define \(\mu_0= m_K\). -- \(M(G,K)=\) the commutative convolution algebra (of bi-\(K\)-invariant complex bounded Borel measures on \(G)\) generated by \(\sigma_t\), \(t\geq 0\). -- \((X,{\mathcal B}, \lambda)=\) a standard Borel space with a Borel measurable \(G\)-action which preserves the probability measure \(\lambda\). -- \(\pi(\nu) f(x)= \int_Gf(g^{-1}x)d \nu(g)=\) the Markov operator on \(L^p(X)\) corresponding to a probability measure \(\nu\) on \(G\). -- \(M_\mu f(x)= \sup_{t \geq 0} |\pi (\mu_t) f(x)|\), and \(M_\sigma f(x) =\sup_{t\geq 0}|\pi(\sigma_t) f(x) |\), maximal functions associated with the action of \(\sigma_t\) and \(\mu_t\) in \(L^p(X)\), \(1\leq p\leq \infty\). Finally, recall also the following definition. Definition. Let \(\nu_t\), \(t\geq 0\), be a one-parameter family of probability measures on \(G\). Assume that \(t \mapsto\nu_t\in M(G)\) is continuous in the \(w^*\)-topology of \(M(G)\) as the dual of \(C_0(G)\). Let \((X, {\mathcal B}, \lambda) \) denote a \(G\)-space as above. (1) \(\nu_t\) is called a pointwise ergodic family in \(L^p\) if, for any \(f\in L^p(X)\), \(\lim_{t\to\infty} \pi(\nu_t) f(x)= E_1(f)(x)\), where the convergence is pointwise almost everywhere and in the \(L^p\)-norm, and \(E_1\) is the conditional expectation of \(f\) with respect to the \(\sigma\)-algebra of \(G\)-invariant sets. (2) \(\nu_t\) is said to satisfy the local ergodic theorem in \(L^p\) if, for any \(f\in L^p(X)\), \(\lim_{t\to 0} \pi(\nu_t) f(x)= \pi (\nu_0) f(x)\), where the convergence is for almost every \(x\), and in the \(L^p\)-norm. We can now state the main results. Theorem 1. Let \(G=SO^0(n,1)\), where \(n\geq 3\) is odd. Then \(\sigma_t\) is a pointwise ergodic family in \(L^p\), for \(n/(n-1)<p<\infty\). -- As usual, the main ingredient in the proof is provided by the following theorem. Theorem 2. Let \(G=SO^0(n,1)\), where \(n\geq 3\) is odd. Then \(M_\sigma f\) is well defined and Lebesgue measurable for any nonnegative \(f\in L^p(X)\), \(p>n/(n-1)\), and the strong maximal inequality \(|M_\sigma f |_p \leq C_p(G) |f |_p\) holds. Furthermore, this result is the best possible without further assumptions on the action. -- Similar results hold for the local ergodic theorem and the local maximal inequality. The local results are formulated and proved in \(\S 5\).

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