Maximal and pointwise ergodic theorems for word-hyperbolic groups
Let \(\Gamma\) denote a word-hyperbolic word, i.e. \(\Gamma\) is finitely generated and the Cayley graph \(G(\Gamma; S)\) is \(\delta\)-hyperbolic for some \(\delta\geq 0\) and some finite generating set \(S= S^{-1}\). Let \(S_n= \{w:| w|= n\}\) denote the sphere of radius \(n\), where \(|.|\) denotes the word length on \(\Gamma\) induced by \(S\). Define \(\sigma_n= (1/\# S_n)\sum_{w\in S_n} w\) and \(\mu_n= (1/(n+ 1))\sum^n_{k= 0} \sigma_k\). It is shown that there exist constants \(C\) and \(q\), such that \(\sigma_t* \sigma_s\leq \sum^{2s}_{j= 0} q^{-(s-j/2)}\sigma_{t- s+j}\), if \(t\geq s\), and that \(\mu_n* \mu_m\leq C(\mu_{2n}+ \mu_{2m})\). Let \((X,{\mathcal B},m)\) be a probability space on which \(\Gamma\) acts ergodically by measure-preserving transformations. The authors prove a strong maximal inequality in \(L^2\) for the maximal operator \(f^*_{\mu_n}= \sup_{n\geq 0}|\mu_n f(x)|\). They show that \(\|f^*_{\mu_n}\|_2\leq C(\Gamma)\|f\|\) for every \(f\in L^2(X)\) and that, if the action of \(\Gamma\) is also exponentially mixing, the sequence \(\mu_n\) is a pointwise ergodic sequence in \(L^2(X)\). As an application it is proved that if \(\Gamma\) is a uniform lattice subgroup of a connected finite-center Lie group of real rank one \(G\) and if \((X,{\mathcal B},m)\) is a \(G\)-space with an ergodic probabilistic measure \(m\), then \(\mu_nf\to \int_X fdm\) almost everywhere, for every \(f\in L^2(X)\) and the atomic measures \(\nu_n\cdot \delta_x\) become equidistributed with respect to \(m\), for almost all \(x\in X\). The same conclusion holds for uniform lattices of the group of automorphisms of a semi-homogeneous tree and of a simple algebraic group of split rank one over a local field.
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