A note on characterized and statistically characterized subgroups of T=R/Z
A sequence \((x_{n})_{n}\) of points of a metric space \((X,\varrho)\) is said to converge statistically to a point \(a \in X\) if \(\bar{d}\bigl(\{n \in \mathbb{N} \mid \varrho(x_{n},a) \geq \varepsilon\}\bigr) = 0\) for every \(\varepsilon > 0,\) where \(\bar{d}(A) = \limsup_{n \to \infty}\frac{\vert A \cap [1,n]\vert}{n}\) for all subsets \(A\) of \(\mathbb{N}.\) For a sequence \(\mathbf{u} = (u_{n})_{n}\) of positive integers, let \(t_{\mathbf{u}}(\mathbb{T}) = \{t \in \mathbb{T} \mid (u_{n}t)_{n} \text{ converges to } 0\}\) and \(t^{s}_{\mathbf{u}}(\mathbb{T}) = \{t \in \mathbb{T} \mid (u_{n}t)_{n} \text{ converges statistically to } 0\}.\)\N\N\textit{D. Dikranjan} et al. [Fundam. Math. 249, No. 2, 185--209 (2020; Zbl 1453.22003)] posed the following question: Is it true that \(\vert t^{s}_{\mathbf{u}}(\mathbb{T}) \vert = \mathbf{c}\) and that \(t^{s}_{\mathbf{u}}(\mathbb{T}) \neq t_{\mathbf{u}}(\mathbb{T})\) for any sequence \(\mathbf{u} = (u_{n})_{n}\) of positive integers?\N\NIn [\textit{P. Das} and \textit{A. Ghosh}, Mediterr. J. Math. 21, No. 5, Paper No. 164, 12 p. (2024; Zbl 1552.22013); \textit{P. Das} et al., J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 112, No. 6, Article ID e70365, 34 p. (2025; Zbl 08132477)], this question was answered for some specific sequences \(\mathbf{u} = (u_{n})_{n}.\) The paper under review gives a new proof of the mentioned results by [\textit{P. Das} and \textit{A. Ghosh}, Mediterr. J. Math. 21, No. 5, Paper No. 164, 12 p. (2024; Zbl 1552.22013); \textit{P. Das} et al., J. Lond. Math. Soc., II. Ser. 112, No. 6, Article ID e70365, 34 p. (2025; Zbl 08132477)].
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