Finite elements for Wasserstein W_p gradient flows
Stability in context of PDEs (35B35) Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Weak solutions to PDEs (35D30) Degenerate parabolic equations (35K65) Quasilinear parabolic equations with (p)-Laplacian (35K92) Euler equations (35Q31) Finite difference methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M06) Stability and convergence of numerical methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M12) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for initial value and initial-boundary value problems involving PDEs (65M60) Finite element, Rayleigh-Ritz and Galerkin methods for boundary value problems involving PDEs (65N30)
Models for Wasserstein \(W_p\) gradient flows appear as diffusive approximations of the Euler or shallow water equations with high and possibly non-linear friction. The gradient flow structure with \(p=2\) has been used to construct weak solutions as limits of a variational time discretization to prove qualitative properties of solutions, like energy dissipation and instantaneous regularization. But, the theory for metric \(p=2\)-gradient flows with \(p\neq 2\) is much weaker than the one for \(p=2\), where the geodesic convexity of the energy functional would have consequences on the long-time asymptotics. In this paper, the gradient flow structure is used in a particular way, where the finite element discretization ensures energy dissipating and a weak solution of the PDE. The derived a priori error estimates show the global mass conservativity and the energy diminishing property of the scheme. Numerical experiments for Barenblatt solution of the \(q\)-Laplace equation and the \(q\)-Laplace equation with a non-zero potential demonstrate the correctness of analytical solutions
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