On free boundary minimal submanifolds in geodesic balls in H^n and S^n_+
Minimal surfaces in differential geometry, surfaces with prescribed mean curvature (53A10) Spectral theory; eigenvalue problems on manifolds (58C40) Variational problems concerning minimal surfaces (problems in two independent variables) (58E12) Index theory and related fixed-point theorems on manifolds (58J20)
The author investigates free boundary minimal submanifolds (FBMS) in geodesic balls in the hyperbolic space \(\mathbb{H}^n\) and the round upper hemisphere \(\mathbb{S}^n_+\). Building upon recent developments by \textit{V. Lima} and \textit{A. Menezes} [``Eigenvalue problems and free boundary minimal surfaces in spherical caps, Preprint, \url{arXiv:2307.13556}], which linked FBMS in \(\mathbb{S}^n_+\) to extremal metrics for a certain functional involving Steklov eigenvalues, this paper proposes and studies natural higher-order generalizations of these functionals in both spherical and hyperbolic settings.\N\NTwo families of functionals are introduced on the space of Riemannian metrics on a compact surface with boundary: \(\mathcal{E}_{r,k}\) and \(\mathcal{F}_{r,k}\), parameterized by \(k\) and a geometric radius \(r\). These functionals are defined using generalized (Robin-type) Steklov eigenvalues with frequency \(\pm 2\). The author shows that metrics induced by FBMS in geodesic balls in \(\mathbb{H}^n\) or \(\mathbb{S}^n_+\) are extremal for these functionals, and conversely, any extremal metric arises from such an immersion. The analysis draws on variational principles, conformal deformation techniques, and spectral theory for boundary value problems.\N\NThe paper further investigates the Morse index of FBMS in geodesic balls, introducing a spectral index based on Steklov eigenvalues and establishing bounds relating it to the classical Morse index. As an application, the author computes the index of critical spherical catenoids in \(\mathbb{S}^3_+\) and \(\mathbb{H}^3\), showing it is exactly or at least \(4\). The index of geodesic \(k\)-balls in \(n\)-dimensional geodesic balls is shown to be \(n - k\), generalizing known Euclidean results.\N\NThis paper represents a significant contribution to the study of FBMS in non-Euclidean settings, enriching the variational framework and offering sharp index estimates. The work is technically sound and conceptually well-motivated, and it extends several important ideas from the Euclidean theory to the hyperbolic and spherical contexts in a natural and insightful manner.
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- Index of the critical catenoid
- Indices of Morse type of two-dimensional minimal surfaces in R^ 3 and H^ 3
- Laplace and Steklov extremal metrics via \(n\)-harmonic maps
- Linear and quasilinear elliptic equations
- Minimal Hypersurfaces in a Riemannian Manifold of Constant Curvature
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- On Pleijel's nodal domain theorem for the Robin problem
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- On the negative spectrum of the Robin Laplacian in corner domains
- Riemannian manifolds admitting isometric immersions by their first eigenfunctions
- Rotation Hypersurfaces in Spaces of Constant Curvature
- Sharp eigenvalue bounds and minimal surfaces in the ball
- The Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, the boundary Laplacian, and Hörmander's rediscovered manuscript
- The Morse index of the critical catenoid
- Uniqueness theorems for free boundary minimal disks in space forms
- Variational aspects of Laplace eigenvalues on Riemannian surfaces
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