Biharmonic submanifolds of CP^n

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Publication:707561



Abstract: We give some general results on proper-biharmonic submanifolds of a complex space form and, in particular, of the complex projective space. These results are mainly concerned with submanifolds with constant mean curvature or parallel mean curvature vector field. We find the relation between the bitension field of the inclusion of a submanifold in mathbbCPn and the bitension field of the inclusion of the corresponding Hopf-tube in mathbbS2n+1. Using this relation we produce new families of proper-biharmonic submanifolds of mathbbCPn. We study the geometry of biharmonic curves of mathbbCPn and we characterize the proper-biharmonic curves in terms of their curvatures and complex torsions.


A biharmonic map \(\varphi:(M,g)\to (N,h)\) between Riemannian manifolds is a critical point of the bienergy functional \(E_2(\varphi)= \frac{1}{2}\int_M |\tau(\varphi)|^2v_g\), that amounts to say, by computing the Euler-Lagrange equation for \(\varphi\), that the tension field of \(\varphi\) satisfies the equation \(\tau_2(\varphi)=-\Delta^{\varphi}\tau(\varphi)-\text{trace} R^N(d\varphi, \tau(\varphi))d\varphi=0\). It is called proper-biharmonic if it is not a harmonic map. The authors obtain non-existence results for proper-biharmonic \(\bar{m}\)-submanifolds \(\bar{M}\) of non-zero constant mean curvature \(\bar{H}\) immersed into the complex projective space \(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^n\) with complex structure \(\bar{J}\) and constant holomorphic sectional curvature 4. Two cases are considered. The first one is when \(\bar{J}\bar{H}\) is tangent to \(\bar{M}\) (that is the case when \(\bar{M}\) is a real hypersurface), and conclude that a necessary condition for \(\bar{M}\) to be proper-biharmonic is that \(0<\|\bar{H}\|^2\leq \frac{\bar{m}+3}{\bar{m}}\), and if the upper bound holds then the condition of proper-biharmonicity is equivalent to pseudo-umbilicity with parallel mean curvature. In case \(\bar{M}\) is a proper-biharmonic real hypersurface they also show that the scalar curvature is constant. The second case is when \(\bar{J}\bar{H}\) is normal to \(\bar{M}\), obtaining that a necessary condition for \(\bar{M}\) to be proper-biharmonic is that \(0<\|\bar{H}\|^2\leq 1\), and if the upper bound holds the condition of proper-biharmonicity is again equivalent to pseudo-umbilicity with parallel mean curvature. Given a real submanifold \(\bar{j}:\bar{M}\to \mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^n\) of the complex projective space the authors relate the bitension field \(\tau_2(\bar{j})\) of \(\bar{M}\) with the bitension field of its Hopf-tube \(j:M\to \mathbb{S}^{2n+1}\), given by \(M=\pi^{-1}(\bar{M})\) where \(\pi:\mathbb{S}^{2n+1}\to \mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^n\) is the Hopf fibration. They prove that if \(\bar{M}\) is a real hypersurface of constant mean curvature, then \(\bar{j}\) is biharmonic if and only if \(j\) is \(\lambda\)-biharmonic with \(\lambda=-4\), that is \(\tau_2(j)-\lambda \tau(j)=0\). If \(\bar{M}\) is a Lagrangian submanifold of \(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^n\) with parallel mean curvature, then biharmonicity of \(\bar{j}\) is equivalent to \((-4)\)-biharmonicity of \(j\). Then the authors construct a new class of proper-biharmonic submanifolds \(\bar{M}\) of \(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^n\) when \(M\) is of Clifford-type or is a product of circles. Finally they characterize all proper-biharmonic curves of \(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^n\) in terms of their curvatures and complex torsions, and determine all them in case \(n=2\) by using a classification of holomorphic helices of \(\mathbb{C}\mathbb{P}^2\) due to \textit{S.\ Maeda} and \textit{T.\ Adachi} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 125, No.~4, 1197--1202 (1997; Zbl 0876.53045)]




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